SOC 100 MIDTERM EXAM PART 1

26 Jun SOC 100 MIDTERM EXAM PART 1

Question 1

Patterned social arrangements that have an enabling or constraining effect on agency are referred to as:

[removed]		Structure
[removed]		Institutions
[removed]		Free will
[removed]		Socialization

Question 2

_____ is considered the first female sociologist and argued that injustices such as slavery and women’s inequality stunted a society’s moral development.

[removed]		Auguste Comte
[removed]		Émile Durkheim
[removed]		Karl Marx
[removed]		Harriet Martineau

Question 3

Formal organizations characterized by written rules, hierarchical authority, and a paid staff, intended to promote organizational efficiency, are referred to as:

[removed]		Institutions
[removed]		Universities
[removed]		Bureaucracies
[removed]		Government

Question 4

The relationship between agency and structure is _____, as ______.

[removed]		one-sided, agency influences structure
[removed]		one-sided, structure enables or constrains agency
[removed]		reciprocal, they both have an effect on one another
[removed]		nonexistent, there is no relationship between the two

Question 5

Accepted social behaviors and beliefs are referred to as:

[removed]		Norms
[removed]		Culture
[removed]		Social status
[removed]		Values

Question 6

The bonds that unite the members of a social group is referred to as:

[removed]		Culture
[removed]		Social solidarity
[removed]		Norms
[removed]		Societal unity

Question 7

_____ believed that nearly all known societies are characterized by some system of division by economic class, which results in conflict as classes compete for wealth, power, and resources.

[removed]		Auguste Comte
[removed]		Émile Durkheim
[removed]		Karl Marx
[removed]		Harriet Martineau

Question 8

The ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence is referred to as:

[removed]		Critical thinking
[removed]		Sociological imagination
[removed]		Scientific reasoning
[removed]		Logical thought

Question 9

The ability of individuals and groups to exercise free will and to make social change is referred to as:

[removed]		Structure
[removed]		Agency
[removed]		Free choice
[removed]		Individualism

Question 10

A researcher finds that as income increases, square footage of respondent’s home also increases. This is an example of:

[removed]		Positive correlation
[removed]		Positive causation
[removed]		Negative correlation
[removed]		Increasatory relationship

Question 11

A variable is defined as:

[removed]		The description of a relationship
[removed]		A phenomena that is constantly changing
[removed]		A term used to summarize a set of phenomena
[removed]		A concept that can take on two or more possible values

Question 12

A _____ relationship is one in which one variable is the cause of another variable.

[removed]		Correlated
[removed]		Causal
[removed]		Positive
[removed]		Statistical

Question 13

The degree to which two or more variables are associated with one another is referred to as:

[removed]		Causation
[removed]		Statistical relationship
[removed]		Correlation
[removed]		Frequency

Question 14

_____ reasoning starts from specific data and tries to identify larger patterns from which to derive more general theories.

[removed]		Logical
[removed]		Inductive
[removed]		Ground-level
[removed]		Deductive

Question 15

A researcher finds that as years spent driving increases, the number of accidents decreases. This is an example of:

[removed]		Negative causation
[removed]		Negative correlation
[removed]		Positive correlation
[removed]		Decreasing relationship

Question 16

The term used to summarize a set of phenomena is:

[removed]		Definition
[removed]		Concept
[removed]		Operationalization
[removed]		Pattern

Question 17

The repetition of a previous study using a different sample or population to verify or refute the original findings is referred to as:

[removed]		Verification
[removed]		Replication
[removed]		Validation
[removed]		Reliability

Question 18

A culture that exists together with a dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects is referred to as:

[removed]		Ethnicity
[removed]		Subculture
[removed]		Counterculture
[removed]		Subgroup

Question 19

The ability of a local culture to absorb outside influences that fit in and enrich their culture while resisting those that are alien is known as:

[removed]		Staying power
[removed]		Grobalization
[removed]		Glocalization
[removed]		Globalization

Question 20

The beliefs, norms, behaviors, and products common to the members of a particular group are referred to as:

[removed]		Ethnicity
[removed]		Culture
[removed]		Society
[removed]		Class

Question 21

Powerful mores, the violation of which is considered serious and even unthinkable, are referred to as:

[removed]		Criminal laws
[removed]		Commandments
[removed]		Taboos
[removed]		Fundamental values

Question 22

Cultural representations of social realities are referred to as:

[removed]		Images
[removed]		Symbols
[removed]		Trademarks
[removed]		Ethnographies

Question 23

The worldview whereby we judge other cultures by the standards of our own is referred to as:

[removed]		Patriotism
[removed]		Nationalism
[removed]		Ethnocentrism
[removed]		Multiculturalism

Question 24

Particular ideas that people accept as true are referred to as:

[removed]		Religion
[removed]		Cultural norms
[removed]		Values
[removed]		Beliefs

Question 25

Abstract and general standards in society that define ideal principles such as right and wrong are referred to as:

[removed]		Laws
[removed]		Public opinions
[removed]		Religious beliefs
[removed]		Values