Biology exam questions

27 Jun Biology exam questions

Question
1. Choose the following that best characterize the formation of uncontrolled division of cells or cancer.

a. mutations in DNA for the protein which activates repair enzymes

b. mutation in genes for inhibiting the cell cycle

c. mutations in proto-onceogenes/tumor suppressor genes

d. active telomerase

e. All of the choices are correct

2. When cancer cells metastasize:

a. tumors release growth factors

b. tumors spread throughout the body

c. tumors have nondifferentiated cells

d. tumors get larger and larger

3. Genetic testing for melanoma involves the search for:

a. RET gene

b. BRCA 1

c. p16 gene

d. ras oncogene

e. MRI

4. Choose the following letter designation for attached/unattached earlobes that represents homozygous receive genotype

a. EE

b. Ee

c. ee

d. None of the choices are correct.

5. In crossing two heterozygous parents, what are the chances that an offspring will receive a dominant allele?

a. 75%

b. 50%

c. 25%

d. less than 10%

e. None of the choices are correct

6. Some inherited traits are also influenced by the environment. An example is:

a. ABO blood types

b. coat color of Himalayan rabbit

c. human behavioral traits

d. both coat color of Himalayan and human behavioral traits

7. The process of making a copy of DNA is called:

a. duplication

b. replication

c. isomerization

d. transcription

e. translation

8. Mutations can be caused by:

a. errors in the replication process

b. exposure to environmental substances

c. base substitutions

d. All of the choices are correct

9. Which of the following are paired bases in DNA?

a. adenine–guanine; thymine–cytosine

b. adenine–uracil; guanine–cytosine

c. adenine–thymine; guanine–cytosine

d. adenine–adenine; guanine–guanine

e. adenine–cytosine; guanine–thymine

10. The earth’s primitive atmosphere formed by volcanic gases had little:

a. water vapor

b. carbon dioxide

c. oxygen

d. nitrogen gas

e. hydrogen

11. An organism that takes in preformed food, and cannot manufacture its own food is called a:

a. heterotroph

b. autotroph

c. homotroph

d. prototroph

e. oligotroph

12. Primates:

a. are a taxonomic classification category

b. include only monkeys and apes

c. preceded the evolution of most organisms

d. are currently threatened with extinction

13. Energy is passed to detritus feeders through:

a. excretion

b. death

c. defecation

d. All of the choices are correct

14. Bacteria and fungi are decomposers because they:

a. live on the elements directly

b. are parasites

c. live on dead organic material

d. eat living plant material

15. Aquatic plants and algae are eaten by small fish called shiners. The shiners are eaten by turtles and bluegill fish. The large fish called a pike will eat the bluegill. Which organism is probably present in the fewest number in this aquatic ecological pyramid?

a. aquatic plants and algae

b. shiners

c. bluegill

d. turtles

e. pike

16. Taxol is

a. chemotherapy

b. radiation

17. Which of these tumor antigens tests for liver tumors?

a. PSA

b. AFP

c. CEA

d. CA-125

18. List 5 dietary guidelines that greatly reduce your risk of developing cancer

19. Unsaturated fatty acids have a tendency to form free radicals (highly reactive organic ions that have a non paired electron), which may damage DNA. With this knowledge in mind, hypothesize why a low-fat diet reduces the risk of breast, colon and prostate cancers.

20. In a paternity suit the alleged father has blood type AB, the mother blood type O and the baby has blood type O. Choose the most accurate statement below.

a. The alleged father must be the biological father

b. The alleged father could be the biological father

c. The alleged father could not be the biological father

d. None of the parental blood types match the baby

21. Amniocentesis reveals that an embryo has Tay-Sachs disease. The parents appear normal. What are the chances that a later child of these parents will have Tay-Sachs?

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

22. Why are X-linked phenotypes more common in males?

23. Give examples of traits with the following patterns of inheritance: incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and polygenic inheritance.

24. The bases of DNA form what we can think of as “code words” representing the different amino acids. Each “code word” is composed of:

a. a triplet of nitrogen bases

b. a triplet of amino acids

c. 2 nitrogen bases

d. a single nitrogen base

25. Transcription takes place:

a. in the nucleus

b. in the cytoplasm

c. on free ribosomes

d. in the rough endoplasmic retuiculum

26. Explain the meaning of the word Proteomics

27. Define “Ex Vivo Gene Therapy”

28. Which evidence for evolution uses remain of previous plants and animals?

a. the fossil record

b. biogeography

c. comparative anatomy

d. comparative embryology

e. comparative biochemistry

29. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed by:

a Thomas Malthus

b. S.W. Fox

c. Stanley Miller

d. Charles Darwin

e. Niles Eldredge

30. Describe how the earliest organic molecules formed.

31. Describe the protein-first hypothesis and how it explains the origin of life.

32. The bacteria that return soil nitrogen to the air are known as:

a. denitrifying

b. leguminous

c. nitrogen fixing

d. nitrifying

33. Pollutant-containing smog can be trapped next to the surface of the earth by:

a. assimilation

b. acid deposition

c. thermal inversion

d. denitrification

34. Explain how water, which should be a renewable resource, may become unavailable.

35.Sometimes, we are under the impression that all bacteria are harmful. What evidence you can give from this chapter to counter this belief?