27 Jun BIO Practice Exam 2
Question
FORM A
1. Which form of the exam do you have?
A. A
B. B
2. Scientists recently discovered a drug that can turn off the oncogene myc in mice with liver
tumors. You would expect this to:
A. stop or slow the rate of cancer progression
B. have no effect on cancer progression
C. speed up the rate of cancer progression
3. Women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men. Why is this true?
A. Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in their lives, which
accelerates calcium loss.
B. Women have less muscle mass and don’t exercise as much.
C. Men don’t produce estrogen, so they don’t rely on it as much as women do.
D. Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they can’t get osteoporosis.
4. Tamoxifen is a drug that fits into the estrogen receptors. When this happens in breast tissue,
it blocks the effects of estrogen. Based on what you know about the relationship between
estrogen and breast cancer, you would predict that this would:
A. help prevent the development of breast cancer in women who are at
great risk
B. starve breast tumors
C. cause the tumor to metastasize
D. stimulate the development of blood vessels that nourish the tumor
E. none of the above
5. Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful or
they could break a bone. It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength. Which would
be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?
A. Nothing special is needed, just lie around and watch TV.
B. Hit the gym and do a few weeks of heavy weight lifting.
C. Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass.
D. Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight
lifting in the gym.
6. Exercise can prevent ovulation. Based on what you know about the relationship between
estrogen and breast cancer, how would you predict the risk of breast cancer would be altered
in a woman who exercised regularly from the time she was a teenager into her 40s?
A. Her risk would be increased.
B. Her risk would be decreased.
C. It would have no effect on her risk of breast cancer.
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7. Indicate the CORRECT choice statement about fibrocystic breast disorder.
A. Fibrocystic disorder is caused by a virus that causes the overproduction of estrogen.
B. Fibrocystic disorder usually decreases a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer.
C. Fibrocystic disorder occurs either when the breast tissue is over-stimulated to divide
or when the reabsorption of tissue is inadequate.
D. Fibrocystic disorder is more common after a woman reaches menopause.
8. When p53 detects genetic damage, it normally:
A. stimulates the S phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is copied.
B. triggers programmed cell death
C. causes the cell to metastasize.
D. lengthens telomeres
9. During metastasis, when cancer cells spread through the body, they break free from the
original tumor and travel in the blood stream. What do normal, healthy cells do if they break
free from their normal surroundings?
A. They increase their rate of cell division.
B. They destroy their telomeres.
C. They begin meiosis.
D. They stop dividing.
10. Indicate the choice that includes only CORRECT statements:
Statements:
1. Many women still get their periods after they reach menopause.
2. After menopause, a woman’s level of estrogen is lower than it was when she was in
her 30s..
3. The possibility of developing osteoporosis becomes a greater concern for women
after they reach menopause.
4. During the time when a woman is approaching menopause she may experience
frequent hot flashes.
`
5. All women lose interest in sex after they reach menopause.
Choices:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 3, 4, 5
D. 1, 4, 5
E. 1, 3, 4
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11. If a man has a tumor on his thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much calcitonin:
A. his blood level of calcium would go up
B. his blood level of calcium would not change
C. his blood level of calcium would go down
12. Carcinogens are chemicals that cause cancer. They might act in each of the following ways
EXCEPT:
A. They might stimulate cell division.
B. They might trigger programmed cell death.
C. They might inhibit the immune system
D. They might cause mutations.
13. You are a physician. Following a PBS special on breast cancer, four women come to visit you
because each has discovered a lump in her breast. In which of the following women would it be
LEAST likely that the lump was cancerous?
A. Heather is 22. She was a junior in high school when she got her first period. She has a
two-year-old daughter.
B. Amy is 30. Her older sisters both have breast cancer.
C. Susan is a 60-year-old woman who is a lawyer. She waited to start her family until she
was 30 years old. She reached menopause last year.
D. Barbara is 57. She is greatly overweight. and drinks (alcohol) heavily. She justifies her
eating and drinking by explaining that she is going through menopause and has swings in
emotions.
14. GRN163L is a drug that prevents telomerase from acting. GRN163L might prove to be a
good cancer treatment because preventing telomerase activity:
A. would prevent cancer cells from breaking cell anchors
B. would cause the tumor cells to starve to death
C. would allow the cancer cells to divide indefinitely
15. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the causes of cancer?
A. Genetic mutations cause cancer.
B. Genetic mutations can be caused by environmental influences, including radiation
and certain chemicals.
C. A healthy immune system can help prevent cancer.
D. All viruses cause cancer.
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16. The processing of oxygen can produce harmful chemicals called free radicals, which can
damage the cell’s genetic information (cause mutations). Antioxidants, such as vitamins C, E,
and beta-carotene, prevent the formation of free radicals. Based on what you have learned
about the causes of cancer, which is the most likely explanation for the cancer-preventing
action of foods that contain large amounts of antioxidants?
A. They inhibit the formation of blood vessels.
B. They trigger cell death in cancer cells.
C. They form cell attachments that are exceptionally strong.
D. They prevent mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes.
17. One reason that a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer is increased if her mother or
sister have had breast cancer is that she may have inherited:
A. p53
B an over active immune system
C. a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2
D. estrogen
18. Your sister’s breasts get larger and are tender before she gets her period each month. She
asks you why this happens. You CORRECTLY explain to her that:
A. she most likely has fibrocystic breast disorder
B. much of the breast is composed of muscle and estrogen causes muscle contraction
C. it is caused by a fibroadenoma
D. none of the above
19. When blood calcium level drops below optimal, which hormone causes calcium to be
released from bone into the bloodstream?
A. Boniva
B. Estrogen
C. Calcitonin
D. PTH (parathyroid hormone)
20. Cancer researchers are working on drugs that will prevent the growth of blood vessels to a
tumor. This would be important because:
A. blood brings chemicals that can cause cancer (carcinogens)
B. a blood supply brings nutrients to nourish cancer cells and also provides a route by
which the cells can spread
C. blood brings telomerase to cancer cells
D. blood stimulates tumor suppressor genes
E. all of the above
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21. Radiation therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for cancer. Radiation causes severe
DNA damage and affects rapidly dividing cells more than other cells. About half of all cancers
have a mutant p53 gene. Why would mutations in p53 make radiation unable to kill cancer
cells?
A. p53 mutations directly cause additional DNA damage
B. p53 mutations could prevent the proper activation of programmed cell death
C. p53 prevents the cell from breaking cell adhesion molecules
D. None of the above
22. Even if a cell has mutations in the genes that regulate cell division, it usually cannot divide
more than 50 or 60 times. This is because the resulting cells :
A. run out of nourishment.
B. lose their cell anchors.
C. have shaved off the telomeres and begin to damage important genes.
D. become carcinogens.
23. Choose the INCORRECT statement about the development of cancer.
A. It requires only a single genetic mutation.
B. It begins in a single cell.
C. It usually results in the development of a tumor.
D. The cancer cells must attract a blood supply.
24. Prolonged estrogen exposure increases a woman’s risk of breast cancer because estrogen:
A. causes programmed cell death
B. causes mutations (changes in the genetic information) in tumor suppressor genes
C. breaks the molecules that anchor cancer cells in place, allowing them to spread
D. stimulates the formation of new blood vessels
E. none of the above
25. Cancer can be thought of as a genetic disease, but a person does not inherit cancer from a
parent. However, a person can inherit a predisposition to cancer (a tendency to develop
cancer). This is possible because:
A. A person can inherit too many cell anchors (cell adhesion molecules) from a parent.
B. A single cancer cell can cross the placenta and enter a fetus. That cell can form
tumors much later in life.
C. Several mutations are necessary before a cell becomes cancerous. A person may
inherit one of those mutations from a parent.
D. A person can inherit too many telomeres and these stimulate cell division.
E. None of the above
5
A
B
C
D
Use the diagram to the left to answer these
questions.
26. To go from stage A to stage B, a cell must
develop mutations in the genes
A. regulate cell division.
B. produce telomerase
C. inhibit the immune system
D. attract blood vessels
27. New tumors in other parts of the body can
form because of the process shown in which
stage of the diagram?
28. Choose the INCORRECT statement:
A. Normal cells can divide only 50 – 60 times because after that the telomeres have been
shaved off
B. Cancer cells trigger programmed cell death even when the cells have no genetic
damage
C. Cancer cells produce proteins that prevent the cell from being held in place but signal
the cell that it is anchored
D. A tumor begins with a single cell that has escaped the normal controls on cell division
E. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original location
29 Which of the following lists the events that occur in the development of cancer in the correct
order?
A. mutation, tumor formation, metastasis
B. tumor formation, metastasis, mutation
C. metastasis, tumor formation, mutation
D. mutation, metastasis, tumor formation
30. Indicate the choice that is a risk factors for breast cancer that can be changed.
Risk factors:
A. Genetics
B. Alcohol consumption
C. Age at puberty
D. Testosterone level
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