27 Jun BIO Exam 1 Potential Questions
Question
1) Environmental Science is:
a) A mathematical study of the effects of
species diversity on human well-being, as
perceived through the scientific method
involving observation, experimentation and
documentation.
b) A holistic approach to social systems and
their role in determining the world view of
different cultures as pertains to the support
systems provided by planetary physical and
biological conditions.
c) A comprehensive and integrated
investigation of the physical, biological, and
societal conditions through which we, and
the rest of the planetary ecosystem, sustain
life.
d) An easy "A"
2) Which of the following is NOT a major human
perturbation of the environment?
a) land use
b) emissions
c) whaling
d) all of the above
3) The tragedy related to the commons is:
a) the fact that people destroy or consume
resources including the atmosphere, water
and oil
b) that consumption rates exceed current
biocapacity
c) that from the perspective of the individual,
the immediate benefit from exploiting the
commons is large compared to the cost,
which is distributed among the entire
community
d) none of the above, the tragedy is a
Shakespearian play
4) Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs is a definition of
a) applicability
b) transgenerational transferability
c) superadiabatic generationality
d) sustainability
5) The precautionary principle suggests that
a) the most authority will be given to the most
cautious part of government
b) each should do what needs to be done even
when no one else is willing to try
c) you should take action to improve
environmental conditions (or prevent them
from degrading) just in case it turns out to be
important, even if you don’t know specific
consequences
d) curiosity killed the cat
e) grade school administrators should caution
their school children against the dangers of
environmental hazards
6) What describes a comprehensive and integrated
investigation of the physical, biological, and societal
conditions through which we, and the rest of the
planetary ecosystem, sustains life?
a) molecular biology
b) cosmology
c) accounting
d) sociology
e) environmental science
7) Fundamental environmental issues include
a) littering
b) sustainability
c) wolf predation on sheep in Yellowstone
National Park
d) all of the above
8) The main human perturbations of the global
environment stem from
a) pollution and hunting
b) emissions and land use
c) air travel and railroads
d) shipping and receiving
9) Which of the following does NOT describe science?
a) testable
b) disprovable
c) democratic
d) imperfect
10) There was mud on his shoes. It rained that night.
The murder occurred in the park, where the grass
had been dug up for a construction project. The
weapon could only have been wielded by a strong
man. On the basis of this, what kind of scientific
reasoning would Sherlock Holmes use to crack the
case?
a) inductive reasoning
b) deductive reasoning
c) reductionist reasoning
d) reactionary reasoning
11) What is the best demonstrated scientific concept?
a) hypothesis
b) thesis
c) inference
d) theory
12) Marvin is stressed about waking up and making it on
time to his first day of physics class. He sets the
alarm on his digital watch (reads to 1/100 of a
second!) and arrives at 9:00:00.00 a.m.
Unfortunately, every other clock on campus reads
about 9:10. Marvin is woefully late and goes on to
become an art history major. Which of the following
is a correct statement about Marvins watch?
a) it is precise, but not accurate
b) it is accurate, but not precise
c) it is neither accurate nor precise
d) it is both accurate and precise
e) Marvin needs to learn to tell time
13) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion,
ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
d) testable
21) In the Daisyworld model:
a) black daisies thrive in cool temperatures
b) daisies are an invasive species and outcompete other species
c) black daisies tend to cool the planetary
temperature
d) white daisies thrive in cool temperatures
14) Premise: A straight line is the shortest distance
between two points._Premise: The line from A to B
is the shortest distance between points A and
B._Conclusion: Therefore, the line from A to B is a
straight line. The above is an example of
_________________
a) a scientific proof
b) a hypothesis
c) inductive reasoning
d) deductive reasoning
e) a scientific fact
15) Generalizations based on a number of concrete
observations are:
a) inductive
b) deductive
c) persuasive
d) always true
e) usually false
16) Accuracy is identical to precision
a) True
b) False
c) Precisely
17) Which principle holds that history is dominated by
major or sudden events, rather than the normal
everyday processes?
a) parliamentarian
b) uniformitarian
c) catastrophism
d) Antidisestablishmentarianism
18) If you see the sun rise everyday and thus infer that it
will rise again tomorrow you are using
a) inductive reasoning
b) deductive reasoning
c) productive reasoning
d) reactive reasoning
19) A Theory is:
a) a testable explanation for observations
b) a proven set of hypotheses that has passed
rigorous testing by observations,
experiments and applications
c) very difficult to establish and arrogant to
presume
d) a set of observations
20) Science is
a) agreeable
b) democratic
c) believable
22) The stability of the distribution of black and white
daisies in daisyworld is due to
a) positive feedback
b) negative feedback
c) runaway greenhouse effect
d) energy flow between trophic levels
23) Which is NOT a scientific principle of the Gaia
hypothesis?
a) life affects its physical environment
b) life has altered its planetary environment
such that it continues to exist
c) the history of the Earth is dominated by
sudden and sometimes devastating and
catastrophic events
d) life controls the global environment on
purpose
24) The Gaia Hypothesis states that the dominant force
that has shaped the global environment through time
is
a) The oceans
b) The atmosphere
c) Life
d) The Gaia species from Alpha Centauri
e) Humans
25) Considering inputs to a pool and outputs from it, the
pool will be in steady state when:
a) inputs exceed outputs
b) outputs cease
c) inputs equal outputs
d) outputs exceed inputs
e) inputs cease
26) A nonlinear system is one in which
a) output is zero
b) output change is proportional to input
change
c) output amplifies or buffers input
d) none of the above
27) The Gaia hypothesis supports the idea that:
a) the earth is not self-sufficient
b) the environment is deteriorating
c) the earth is a self regulating system
(homeostasis)
d) the earth is not a self regulating system (no
homeostasis)
d) 18 years
28) When one person in a room yawns, many others are
likely to yawn as well. This is an example of :
a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) all of above
d) none of above
29) If the rate of increase is proportional to present
stock, ____ can be observed:
a) Logistic growth
b) Exponential growth
c) Slow growth
d) Declining growth
30) The rate at which something enters or leaves a
reservoir is a
a) Stock
b) Bond
c) Flood
d) flux
31) Parks are like islands in that species diversity is
determined by:
a) distance to other parks or natural areas
b) amount of food on the island
c) size of park
d) longitude of park
e) a and c
32) If people are part of the global environment, then
a) whatever we do is natural
b) the resources provided by the environment
that surrounds us are ours to use up
c) nature will adapt to our activities and
continue to support the ecosystem
d) feedbacks exist between environmental
perturbations and impacts on society and
health
33) What is the carrying capacity of the Earth?
a) 1 billion people
b) 6 billion people
c) 40 billion people
d) depends on how people want to live
34) Ten percent of all the people who have ever lived
are still alive because of
a) decreased birth rate
b) increased incidence of cancer
c) decrease in the number of people who
eventually die
d) explosive recent population growth
35) If a population grows at 10% per year, what is the
doubling time?
a) 1 year
b) 7 years
c) 10 years
36) Carrying capacity refers to:
a) the maximum weight that can be put on a
vehicle or machine
b) the nutrient value of a food source
c) the amount of a mineral resource that can
be recovered economically from a mine
d) the average life-expectancy of an individual
in a population
e) the maximum number of individuals that can
be supported by an ecosystem
37) Which of the following does not contribute to a
person’s ecological footprint?
a) the food and fiber consumed by that person
over a specific time period
b) the waste produced from the person’s
energy consumption
c) the person’s annual income
d) the space needed for infrastructure (living
space etc)
38) The curve of the history of human population,
atmospheric CO2 concentration, and other
environmentally relevant parameters looks like a
a) ski pole
b) pool cue
c) badminton racquet
d) baseball bat
e) hockey stick
39) As the surface ocean warms, it releases carbon
dioxide due to a decrease in solubility. This leads to
a) uniformitarianism
b) positive feedback
c) negative feedback
d) catastrophism
40) What is a biogeochemical cycle?
a) something that organic kids ride while
wearing sustainable helmets
b) the path a chemical takes through the
various reservoirs (stocks), including the
biosphere
c) a series of college courses involving biology,
geology, and chemistry
d) the way carbon interacts with nitrogen in the
soil
41) What is the "missing sink"?
a) a failure to account for the different between
precipitation and evaporation in the
hydrologic cycle
b) the difference between global atmospheric
carbon emissions and known uptake
c) the difference between anthropogenic and
organic nitrogen fixation
d) the hole in the kitchen counter where mom
used to wash the dishes.
b) biotic
c) human
d) all of the above
42) In the process of denitrification
a) nitrate is converted to nitrite
b) nitrite is converted to ammonium
c) nitrogen is converted to carbon
d) nitrate is converted to gaseous nitrogen
43) Who is primarily responsible for denitrification?
a) primary producers
b) bacteria
c) top predators
d) the United States Denitrification Agency
44) In the global carbon cycle, the most carbon is stored
in
a) the atmosphere
b) vegetation, soil, and detritus
c) marine biota
d) the ocean
45) The process of converting fixed nitrogen to
molecular N2 is:
a) nitrogen fixation
b) nitrate fixation
c) denitrification
d) eutrophication
46) Who is responsible for nitrogen fixation?
a) Algae
b) bacteria
c) cryptosporidium
d) nitromechanical engineers
47) What drives the hydrologic cycle?
a) tidal power
b) wind
c) the sun
d) nuclear reactors
e) socioeconomic trends
48) Warm water can dissolve less CO2 than cold water.
SO what is the relation between the marine solubility
pump and climate change?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
c) all of above
d) none of above; this is not a feedback
mechanism
49) Which of the following organisms is at the lowest
trophic level?
a) Snake
b) Oak tree
c) Eagle
d) Ephydrid flies
50) What are the components of an ecosystem?
a) abiotic
51) What is a trophic level?
a) the altitude of a mountain on the equator
b) a tool for straightening a shelf on which
trophies are displayed
c) where you are on the food chain
d) none of the above
52) Which has more trophic levels?
a) marine ecosystem
b) terrestrial ecosystem
c) high school trophy case
d) college trophy case
53) If all species in the world were placed everywhere at
once, what is most likely to happen?
a) global diversity will increase
b) primary producers will convert to primary
consumers
c) global diversity will decrease
d) marine trophic levels will decrease
54) If two species look alike, live in different places, but
are not genetically related, it is probably a case of
a) convergent evolution
b) divergent evolution
c) evolutionary cyclicity
d) uniformitarianism
55) What does NOT control the species richness on an
island?
a) island size
b) distance from the mainland
c) climate
d) longitude of the island
56) Species can be especially vulnerable to extinction
when:
a) the population has high genetic variability
b) the population is small
c) the population lives far from human activity
d) the population is very widely distributed
e) the populations ecosystem is productive
and fertile
57) When two species are genetically related, but after
some time, find different ecological niches and look
and behave different, it is called
a) convergent evolution
b) divergent evolution
c) parallel evolution
d) unintelligent design
58) How many biomes are there on Earth?
a) 1
b) 12
c) 17
d) it depends on how they are defined
59) In general, where it is warmer, it is also
a) wetter
b) drier
c) cooler
d) host to less diverse ecosystem
60) If the climate is very rainy in one town, and very dry
in another just 50 miles away what is most likely?
a) they are in different countries
b) there is a river between them
c) there is a mountain between them
d) the price of umbrellas will be higher in the
drier town
61) Which biome is most likely to host a large bird
population?
a) tropical rain forest
b) desert
c) hydrothermal vent
d) tundra
62) Why do you find large mammals in the Arctic tundra,
but not in Alpine tundra?
a) there is not enough oxygen in the Alpine
environment
b) there is too much precipitation in Alpine
environments
c) Alpine environments are geographically
restricted
d) Santa’s reindeer cannot climb mountains
63) If there were to be life on Mars, where it is dry with
highly variable temperature, what biome would you
expect?
a) tropical rain forest
b) tundra
c) desert
d) hydrothermal vent
64) Two components aid in the definition of the term
"invasive species." The first component is that the
species is exotic. The second component is:
a) the species causes damage to economic,
environmental, or human health
b) the species is unusually large
c) the species is predatory
65) Where would you expect to see the most productive
forest?
a) polar regions
b) desert
c) high elevation (> 15,000′)
d) equator
e) deep sea vent
66) The tulips planted around campus are not from this
area, but do not spread or cause damage. What
would these tulips be considered?
a) an invasive species but not an exotic
species
b) an exotic species but not an invasive
species
c) an invasive species but not a pathogen
d) both an exotic and an invasive species
67) What is the main feature of a wetland?
a) it is wet all year round
b) it has little variation in water temperature
over the course of the year
c) the water table is at or near the ground
surface for much of the growing season
d) the duration of inundation depends on the
precipitation
e) the wetland soil is characterized by sufficient
oxygen
68) What is the "energy" in the following chemical
equation when going right to left?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
a) kinetic energy
b) nuclear energy
c) sunlight
d) battery power
69) Autotrophs get their energy from:
a) sulfur compounds
b) organic matter
c) photosynthesis
d) they don’t need energy
70) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + _____
a) food
b) energy
c) production
d) photosynthesis
71) Humans are:
a) Heterotrophs
b) Autotrophs
c) Chemoautotrophs
d) Primary Producers
72) Gross Primary Productivity respiration = ___?
_____
a)
b)
c)
d)
energy
net primary productivity
carbon emissions
power
73) About what percentage of energy is lost between
each trophic level?
a) 45%
b) 90%
c) 80%
d) 65%
74) What is autotrophy?
a) what you get for winning the Indy 500
b) processing of sugars into energy
c) burning hydrocarbons
d) using photosynthesis to produce organic
molecules from inorganic
75) The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a) efficiency of energy conversion is always
less than 100%
b) energy is never created, never destroyed,
but always preserved
c) the present is the key to the past
d) energy is measured in joules, power in watts
e) energy can go from higher quality forms to
lower, but not in the opposite direction
76) The second law of thermodynamics states that:
a) efficiency of energy conversion is always
greater than 100%
b) energy is never created, never destroyed,
but always preserved
c) the present is the key to the past
d) energy is measured in joules, power in watts
e) the net effect of energy use is to reduce the
quality of total resulting energy
77) What are the products of photosynthesis?
a) oxygen and nitrogen
b) oxygen and water
c) carbon and water
d) sugar (glucose) and oxygen
78) _______ in animals stores the most energy:
a) Muscle
b) Organs
c) Fat
d) bones
79) Who eats autotrophs?
a) Super carnivores
b) Carnivores
c) Herbivores
d) Primary producers
80) _______ occurs when the pioneer species stabilize
the environment for later, longer-lived species.
a) Facilitation
b) Interference
c) Succession
d) Precautionary Principle
81) What must one restore when restoring an
ecosystem?
a) plants
b) animals
c) rivers
d) ecosystem functions
82) Which of these does NOT have a negative effect on
succession within an ecosystem?
a) facilitation
b) interference
c) chronic patchiness
83) ________ successional species are quick to
germinate and grow while ______ successional
species are slow but live longer:
a) late, early
b) early, late
c) herbivore, autotrophic
1) Environmental Science is:
a) A mathematical study of the effects of
species diversity on human well-being, as
perceived through the scientific method
involving observation, experimentation and
documentation.
b) A holistic approach to social systems and
their role in determining the world view of
different cultures as pertains to the support
systems provided by planetary physical and
biological conditions.
c) A comprehensive and integrated
investigation of the physical, biological, and
societal conditions through which we, and
the rest of the planetary ecosystem, sustain
life.
d) An easy "A"
2) Which of the following is NOT a major human
perturbation of the environment?
a) land use
b) emissions
c) whaling
d) all of the above
3) The tragedy related to the commons is:
a) the fact that people destroy or consume
resources including the atmosphere, water
and oil
b) that consumption rates exceed current
biocapacity
c) that from the perspective of the individual,
the immediate benefit from exploiting the
commons is large compared to the cost,
which is distributed among the entire
community
d) none of the above, the tragedy is a
Shakespearian play
4) Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs is a definition of
a) applicability
b) transgenerational transferability
c) superadiabatic generationality
d) sustainability
5) The precautionary principle suggests that
a) the most authority will be given to the most
cautious part of government
b) each should do what needs to be done even
when no one else is willing to try
c) you should take action to improve
environmental conditions (or prevent them
from degrading) just in case it turns out to be
important, even if you don’t know specific
consequences
d) curiosity killed the cat
e) grade school administrators should caution
their school children against the dangers of
environmental hazards
6) What describes a comprehensive and integrated
investigation of the physical, biological, and societal
conditions through which we, and the rest of the
planetary ecosystem, sustains life?
a) molecular biology
b) cosmology
c) accounting
d) sociology
e) environmental science
7) Fundamental environmental issues include
a) littering
b) sustainability
c) wolf predation on sheep in Yellowstone
National Park
d) all of the above
8) The main human perturbations of the global
environment stem from
a) pollution and hunting
b) emissions and land use
c) air travel and railroads
d) shipping and receiving
9) Which of the following does NOT describe science?
a) testable
b) disprovable
c) democratic
d) imperfect
10) There was mud on his shoes. It rained that night.
The murder occurred in the park, where the grass
had been dug up for a construction project. The
weapon could only have been wielded by a strong
man. On the basis of this, what kind of scientific
reasoning would Sherlock Holmes use to crack the
case?
a) inductive reasoning
b) deductive reasoning
c) reductionist reasoning
d) reactionary reasoning
11) What is the best demonstrated scientific concept?
a) hypothesis
b) thesis
c) inference
d) theory
12) Marvin is stressed about waking up and making it on
time to his first day of physics class. He sets the
alarm on his digital watch (reads to 1/100 of a
second!) and arrives at 9:00:00.00 a.m.
Unfortunately, every other clock on campus reads
about 9:10. Marvin is woefully late and goes on to
become an art history major. Which of the following
is a correct statement about Marvins watch?
a) it is precise, but not accurate
b) it is accurate, but not precise
c) it is neither accurate nor precise
d) it is both accurate and precise
e) Marvin needs to learn to tell time
13) One distinction between (A) science and (B) religion,
ethics, and morals is that scientific statements are:
a) disprovable
b) universally accepted
c) inference
d) deductive
e) numerical
d) testable
21) In the Daisyworld model:
a) black daisies thrive in cool temperatures
b) daisies are an invasive species and outcompete other species
c) black daisies tend to cool the planetary
temperature
d) white daisies thrive in cool temperatures
14) Premise: A straight line is the shortest distance
between two points._Premise: The line from A to B
is the shortest distance between points A and
B._Conclusion: Therefore, the line from A to B is a
straight line. The above is an example of
_________________
a) a scientific proof
b) a hypothesis
c) inductive reasoning
d) deductive reasoning
e) a scientific fact
15) Generalizations based on a number of concrete
observations are:
a) inductive
b) deductive
c) persuasive
d) always true
e) usually false
16) Accuracy is identical to precision
a) True
b) False
c) Precisely
17) Which principle holds that history is dominated by
major or sudden events, rather than the normal
everyday processes?
a) parliamentarian
b) uniformitarian
c) catastrophism
d) Antidisestablishmentarianism
18) If you see the sun rise everyday and thus infer that it
will rise again tomorrow you are using
a) inductive reasoning
b) deductive reasoning
c) productive reasoning
d) reactive reasoning
19) A Theory is:
a) a testable explanation for observations
b) a proven set of hypotheses that has passed
rigorous testing by observations,
experiments and applications
c) very difficult to establish and arrogant to
presume
d) a set of observations
20) Science is
a) agreeable
b) democratic
c) believable
22) The stability of the distribution of black and white
daisies in daisyworld is due to
a) positive feedback
b) negative feedback
c) runaway greenhouse effect
d) energy flow between trophic levels
23) Which is NOT a scientific principle of the Gaia
hypothesis?
a) life affects its physical environment
b) life has altered its planetary environment
such that it continues to exist
c) the history of the Earth is dominated by
sudden and sometimes devastating and
catastrophic events
d) life controls the global environment on
purpose
24) The Gaia Hypothesis states that the dominant force
that has shaped the global environment through time
is
a) The oceans
b) The atmosphere
c) Life
d) The Gaia species from Alpha Centauri
e) Humans
25) Considering inputs to a pool and outputs from it, the
pool will be in steady state when:
a) inputs exceed outputs
b) outputs cease
c) inputs equal outputs
d) outputs exceed inputs
e) inputs cease
26) A nonlinear system is one in which
a) output is zero
b) output change is proportional to input
change
c) output amplifies or buffers input
d) none of the above
27) The Gaia hypothesis supports the idea that:
a) the earth is not self-sufficient
b) the environment is deteriorating
c) the earth is a self regulating system
(homeostasis)
d) the earth is not a self regulating system (no
homeostasis)
d) 18 years
28) When one person in a room yawns, many others are
likely to yawn as well. This is an example of :
a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) all of above
d) none of above
29) If the rate of increase is proportional to present
stock, ____ can be observed:
a) Logistic growth
b) Exponential growth
c) Slow growth
d) Declining growth
30) The rate at which something enters or leaves a
reservoir is a
a) Stock
b) Bond
c) Flood
d) flux
31) Parks are like islands in that species diversity is
determined by:
a) distance to other parks or natural areas
b) amount of food on the island
c) size of park
d) longitude of park
e) a and c
32) If people are part of the global environment, then
a) whatever we do is natural
b) the resources provided by the environment
that surrounds us are ours to use up
c) nature will adapt to our activities and
continue to support the ecosystem
d) feedbacks exist between environmental
perturbations and impacts on society and
health
33) What is the carrying capacity of the Earth?
a) 1 billion people
b) 6 billion people
c) 40 billion people
d) depends on how people want to live
34) Ten percent of all the people who have ever lived
are still alive because of
a) decreased birth rate
b) increased incidence of cancer
c) decrease in the number of people who
eventually die
d) explosive recent population growth
35) If a population grows at 10% per year, what is the
doubling time?
a) 1 year
b) 7 years
c) 10 years
36) Carrying capacity refers to:
a) the maximum weight that can be put on a
vehicle or machine
b) the nutrient value of a food source
c) the amount of a mineral resource that can
be recovered economically from a mine
d) the average life-expectancy of an individual
in a population
e) the maximum number of individuals that can
be supported by an ecosystem
37) Which of the following does not contribute to a
person’s ecological footprint?
a) the food and fiber consumed by that person
over a specific time period
b) the waste produced from the person’s
energy consumption
c) the person’s annual income
d) the space needed for infrastructure (living
space etc)
38) The curve of the history of human population,
atmospheric CO2 concentration, and other
environmentally relevant parameters looks like a
a) ski pole
b) pool cue
c) badminton racquet
d) baseball bat
e) hockey stick
39) As the surface ocean warms, it releases carbon
dioxide due to a decrease in solubility. This leads to
a) uniformitarianism
b) positive feedback
c) negative feedback
d) catastrophism
40) What is a biogeochemical cycle?
a) something that organic kids ride while
wearing sustainable helmets
b) the path a chemical takes through the
various reservoirs (stocks), including the
biosphere
c) a series of college courses involving biology,
geology, and chemistry
d) the way carbon interacts with nitrogen in the
soil
41) What is the "missing sink"?
a) a failure to account for the different between
precipitation and evaporation in the
hydrologic cycle
b) the difference between global atmospheric
carbon emissions and known uptake
c) the difference between anthropogenic and
organic nitrogen fixation
d) the hole in the kitchen counter where mom
used to wash the dishes.
b) biotic
c) human
d) all of the above
42) In the process of denitrification
a) nitrate is converted to nitrite
b) nitrite is converted to ammonium
c) nitrogen is converted to carbon
d) nitrate is converted to gaseous nitrogen
43) Who is primarily responsible for denitrification?
a) primary producers
b) bacteria
c) top predators
d) the United States Denitrification Agency
44) In the global carbon cycle, the most carbon is stored
in
a) the atmosphere
b) vegetation, soil, and detritus
c) marine biota
d) the ocean
45) The process of converting fixed nitrogen to
molecular N2 is:
a) nitrogen fixation
b) nitrate fixation
c) denitrification
d) eutrophication
46) Who is responsible for nitrogen fixation?
a) Algae
b) bacteria
c) cryptosporidium
d) nitromechanical engineers
47) What drives the hydrologic cycle?
a) tidal power
b) wind
c) the sun
d) nuclear reactors
e) socioeconomic trends
48) Warm water can dissolve less CO2 than cold water.
SO what is the relation between the marine solubility
pump and climate change?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
c) all of above
d) none of above; this is not a feedback
mechanism
49) Which of the following organisms is at the lowest
trophic level?
a) Snake
b) Oak tree
c) Eagle
d) Ephydrid flies
50) What are the components of an ecosystem?
a) abiotic
51) What is a trophic level?
a) the altitude of a mountain on the equator
b) a tool for straightening a shelf on which
trophies are displayed
c) where you are on the food chain
d) none of the above
52) Which has more trophic levels?
a) marine ecosystem
b) terrestrial ecosystem
c) high school trophy case
d) college trophy case
53) If all species in the world were placed everywhere at
once, what is most likely to happen?
a) global diversity will increase
b) primary producers will convert to primary
consumers
c) global diversity will decrease
d) marine trophic levels will decrease
54) If two species look alike, live in different places, but
are not genetically related, it is probably a case of
a) convergent evolution
b) divergent evolution
c) evolutionary cyclicity
d) uniformitarianism
55) What does NOT control the species richness on an
island?
a) island size
b) distance from the mainland
c) climate
d) longitude of the island
56) Species can be especially vulnerable to extinction
when:
a) the population has high genetic variability
b) the population is small
c) the population lives far from human activity
d) the population is very widely distributed
e) the populations ecosystem is productive
and fertile
57) When two species are genetically related, but after
some time, find different ecological niches and look
and behave different, it is called
a) convergent evolution
b) divergent evolution
c) parallel evolution
d) unintelligent design
58) How many biomes are there on Earth?
a) 1
b) 12
c) 17
d) it depends on how they are defined
59) In general, where it is warmer, it is also
a) wetter
b) drier
c) cooler
d) host to less diverse ecosystem
60) If the climate is very rainy in one town, and very dry
in another just 50 miles away what is most likely?
a) they are in different countries
b) there is a river between them
c) there is a mountain between them
d) the price of umbrellas will be higher in the
drier town
61) Which biome is most likely to host a large bird
population?
a) tropical rain forest
b) desert
c) hydrothermal vent
d) tundra
62) Why do you find large mammals in the Arctic tundra,
but not in Alpine tundra?
a) there is not enough oxygen in the Alpine
environment
b) there is too much precipitation in Alpine
environments
c) Alpine environments are geographically
restricted
d) Santa’s reindeer cannot climb mountains
63) If there were to be life on Mars, where it is dry with
highly variable temperature, what biome would you
expect?
a) tropical rain forest
b) tundra
c) desert
d) hydrothermal vent
64) Two components aid in the definition of the term
"invasive species." The first component is that the
species is exotic. The second component is:
a) the species causes damage to economic,
environmental, or human health
b) the species is unusually large
c) the species is predatory
65) Where would you expect to see the most productive
forest?
a) polar regions
b) desert
c) high elevation (> 15,000′)
d) equator
e) deep sea vent
66) The tulips planted around campus are not from this
area, but do not spread or cause damage. What
would these tulips be considered?
a) an invasive species but not an exotic
species
b) an exotic species but not an invasive
species
c) an invasive species but not a pathogen
d) both an exotic and an invasive species
67) What is the main feature of a wetland?
a) it is wet all year round
b) it has little variation in water temperature
over the course of the year
c) the water table is at or near the ground
surface for much of the growing season
d) the duration of inundation depends on the
precipitation
e) the wetland soil is characterized by sufficient
oxygen
68) What is the "energy" in the following chemical
equation when going right to left?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
a) kinetic energy
b) nuclear energy
c) sunlight
d) battery power
69) Autotrophs get their energy from:
a) sulfur compounds
b) organic matter
c) photosynthesis
d) they don’t need energy
70) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + _____
a) food
b) energy
c) production
d) photosynthesis
71) Humans are:
a) Heterotrophs
b) Autotrophs
c) Chemoautotrophs
d) Primary Producers
72) Gross Primary Productivity respiration = ___?
_____
a)
b)
c)
d)
energy
net primary productivity
carbon emissions
power
73) About what percentage of energy is lost between
each trophic level?
a) 45%
b) 90%
c) 80%
d) 65%
74) What is autotrophy?
a) what you get for winning the Indy 500
b) processing of sugars into energy
c) burning hydrocarbons
d) using photosynthesis to produce organic
molecules from inorganic
75) The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a) efficiency of energy conversion is always
less than 100%
b) energy is never created, never destroyed,
but always preserved
c) the present is the key to the past
d) energy is measured in joules, power in watts
e) energy can go from higher quality forms to
lower, but not in the opposite direction
76) The second law of thermodynamics states that:
a) efficiency of energy conversion is always
greater than 100%
b) energy is never created, never destroyed,
but always preserved
c) the present is the key to the past
d) energy is measured in joules, power in watts
e) the net effect of energy use is to reduce the
quality of total resulting energy
77) What are the products of photosynthesis?
a) oxygen and nitrogen
b) oxygen and water
c) carbon and water
d) sugar (glucose) and oxygen
78) _______ in animals stores the most energy:
a) Muscle
b) Organs
c) Fat
d) bones
79) Who eats autotrophs?
a) Super carnivores
b) Carnivores
c) Herbivores
d) Primary producers
80) _______ occurs when the pioneer species stabilize
the environment for later, longer-lived species.
a) Facilitation
b) Interference
c) Succession
d) Precautionary Principle
81) What must one restore when restoring an
ecosystem?
a) plants
b) animals
c) rivers
d) ecosystem functions
82) Which of these does NOT have a negative effect on
succession within an ecosystem?
a) facilitation
b) interference
c) chronic patchiness
83) ________ successional species are quick to
germinate and grow while ______ successional
species are slow but live longer:
a) late, early
b) early, late
c) herbivore, autotrophic
d) pioneer, colonizerd) pioneer, colonizer
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