UMUC BIOL103 Final exam

27 Jun UMUC BIOL103 Final exam

Question
Total possible points: 100

I.Multiple choice questions. Please bold or underline the correct answer (1point each=50 points)

1. Suppose you conduct an experiment which simulates glacial recession over time. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Glacial mass
Sunlight
The season
Time
2. How many dependent variables can be tested during any single experiment?

4
3
2
1
3. An integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses is known as a ________.

Fact
Law
Control
Theory
Guess
4. When writing a lab report or a research paper, you need to show what the difference is between the “Results” section and the ”Discussion” section. Which of the following is correct?

TheDiscussionanalyzes data, whereas theResultsanalyzes the procedure.
TheDiscussionanalyzes data, whereas theResultsdisplays data.
TheDiscussiondisplays data, whereas theResultsanalyzes the Discussion.
TheDiscussiondisplays the procedure, whereas theResultsanalyzes the data.
5. What is the surface area of a football field which is 120.00 yards long and 53.30 yards wide?

5,383.40 m3
538.34 m3
5,383.40 m2
538.35 m2
6. Why are volumetric measurements defined as a “cubed” unit?

Because the typically describe shapes which are cuboidal.
Because three different shapes are used to measure one larger shape.
Because three individual units are multiplied together.
Because the metric system requires volumes to be expressed as cubed units.
7. What factor do you need to multiply by to convert kilometers to micrometers?

10-9
109
10-6
106
8. What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

Elecctrons
Protons
Neutrons
Protons and neutrons
Protons and electrons
9. Which of the following describes H20, NaCl, CO2, and HCl?

All are acids
All are gases
All are salts
All are inorganic molecules
10. Which of the following correctly describes a buffer?

A buffer converts an alkaline solution to neutral
A buffer converts an acid solution to neutral.
A buffer converts alkaline solutions to acid solutions.
A buffer converts strong bases or acids to weak bases or acids.
11. Which term does not belong in this list?

Acid
Vinegar
Hydrogen ion donor
pH 8
Lactic acid
12. The process in which molecules spread randomly from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration is:

Filtration
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Osmosis
13. Organize the following solutions from most concentrated to least concentrated: hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.

Hypotonic>Hypertonic>Isotonic
Hypertonic>Hypotonic>Isotonic
Hypertonic>Isotonic>Hypotonic
Isotonic>Hypotonic>Hypertonic
14. The rate of diffusion depends on which of the following?

The medium
The size of the molecule
The polarity
All of the above
A. and C. only
15.All of the following are examples of elements except

Oxygen
Water
Hydrogen
Carbon
16. What would happen to a eukaryotic cell, if too much osmotic pressure develops within a cell?

The cell would remain the same size, but the internal organelles would become dehydrated
The cell would decrease in size, and could collapse.
The cell would increase in size, and could lyse.
Nothing, osmotic pressure does not impact the cell.
17. Inthe following chemical reaction, what is carbon dioxide (CO2)?

12 H20 + 6 CO2= 1 glucose molecule + 6 O2

A. substrate

B. product

C. enzyme

D. activation factor

E. independent variable

18. The bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a_________ bond.

Polar
Hydrogen
Ionic
Covalent
19. Which of the following terms includes all of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell?

Cellular respiration
Catabolism
Redox reactions
Metabolism
Phosphorylation
20. Within a cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate which of the following molecules?

ADP
ATP
Pyruvate ions
Oxygen
NAD
21. All of the following apply to glycolysis except

Occurs without oxygen
Degrades glucose to H2O and CO2
Ends with formation of pyruvic acid
Occurs during fermentation
22. In which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

Processing of pyruvic acid for the Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules
23. The energy of the sun is converted into usable energy for the cell in the form of _________.

ATP
ATP
Glucose
CO2
24. The starting materials of photosynthesis are _____________

Oxygen and glucose
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water
Oxygen and water
25. What type of macro-molecule is frequently an enzyme?

Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Protein
26. What function do enzymes perform?

Increase substrate concentration
Increase the temperature
Increase the activation energy required for a reaction to occur
Decrease the activation energy required for a reaction to occur
27. The most important aspect of cellular respiration is that ___________________

It is the process that occurs only in animal cells
It is the process that utilizes fat as its primary energy source
It is the process that enables living organisms to utilize the energy stored in glucose
It is the only cellular process that yields ATP
28. The statement best describes the relationship between plants and animals on earth is

Plants produce O2and sugars from CO2
Animals produce CO2and H2O from sugars and O2
Plants produce O2and sugars and animals produce CO2and H2O
Animals produce O2and sugars and plants produce CO2and H2O
29. What is the function of the ribosome?

Digestion
RNA duplication
Mobility
Protein synthesis
30. What is the function of the lysosome?

Prokaryotic digestion
Eukaryotic digestion
Prokaryotic mobility
Eukaryotic mobility
31. In what stage of the cell cycle is genetic content replicated?

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
32. How many chromatids comprise a duplicated chromosome?

One
Two
Three
Four
33. Which of the following could not be a sequence of RNA?

GCGUUU
UAUGCG
ATGCGT
AUGCGU
AAACUG
34. The product of meiosis includes which of the following?

Haploid cells
Genetically unique cells
Four daughter cells
All of the above
A. and C. only
35. Often referred to as the Central Dogma, identify the traditional sequence of protein synthesis.

DNA->RNA->Protein
RNA->DNA->Protein
Protein->RNA->DNA
Protein->DNA->RNA
36. In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. If a woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have four children, how many of the children will not have dimples?

0
1
2
3
4
37. Which of the following variations could be subject to natural selection?

A dog with short legs due to malnutrition is able to crawl into holes better than his litter mates.
A tree is not infested by a ground-dwelloing beetle when the homeowener cuts the lower branches.
A hyena is born with a spotted fur pattern that allows it to hide in the grass better than his litter mates.
A pigeon learns that’s when its keeper comes near, it will be fed.
All of these variations may be acted on by natural selection.
38. What do plants and animals have in common?

They are both heterotrophic
They are both autotrophic
They are both prokaryotic
They are both eukaryotic
They are both hydrophobic
39. Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?

Cells have cell walls
Photosynthetic
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
Can use a wide variety of nutrient
40. Microevolution is defined as:

Changes in population size
Changes in the frequency of alleles in the gene pool
Changes in the composition of the population
Emergence of new species
Changes in community size
41. A zorse is the offspring produced through interbreeding between a horse and a zebra. Zorses are often preferred for riding because of their physical shape, but they are sterile. According to Linnaean taxonomy, are zebras and horses classified in the same species?

Yes
No
Sometimes
Not enough information to determine
42. Which of the following statements is true?

A long distance runner will produce gametes with good genes for running because her/his body is in such good physical condition.
Exercise can have an effect on genes.
Cutting the tails off in mice for 100 generations will result in a strain of mice with genes for short tails.
People who are healthy tend to have healthier DNA.
What a person does during her/his life can have no effect on her/his genetic make-up other than random genetic changes from exposure to chemicals or radiation.
43. Honey bees engage inentomophily, pollination through pollen distribution, as part of the process to produce honey. What is entomophily an example of?

Ecosystem
Niche
Community
Habitat
44. Themajority of climate scientists suggest that the current change in climate is caused predominantly by ________.

An enhancement of the greenhouse effect
A decreased reliance on fossil fuels for energy
A thinning of the ozone layer
A melting of the polar ice caps
An increase in solar radiation
45. In countries such as Nigeria, Mexico or the Philippines, which have large numbers of children under the age of 15, the populations is ________________

Staying the same
Becoming smaller
Becoming larger
Hard to predict
Able to control the population
46. Which of the following is not an expected effect of global climate change?

A rise in the sea levels
Flooding of coastal cities
Decrease in the size of glaciers and ice sheets
Increase in the size of glacier and ice sheets
More extreme weather
47. If a wolf eats a rodent which ate a small insect which ate a plant, the wolf would be a(n)

Autotroph
Primary producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
48. The organisms that represent the different species within an ecosystem that interact in various ways, comprise a _______________

Population
Trophic level
Species
Community
Habitat
49. Inheritable mutations, which may allow a population to evolve, are produced

As a response to selection pressure
By chance
By natural selection
As a response to environmental pressure
By artificial selection
50. The ability of fireflies and angler fish to produce light is an example of convergent evolution. What can you conclude about these two animals based on this information?

They share a recent common ancestor
The ability to produce light is an ancient trait
They are found in the same location
They are both adapted to environments which are low in light
All of the above
II.Matching of definitions and terms. Please place the correct number in front of each definition. (1 point each = 10 points):

____ DNA with attached proteins

____ A haploid cell that combines with another haploid cell during fertilization

____ Converts light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or

starch

____ A specific portion of a chromosome that contains information for a particular inherited

trait

____ An interaction during meiosis in which chromatids exchange segments; it results in genetic

recombination

____ Nucleotide that drives most energy-requiring metabolic reaction

____ Extracts energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesizes ATP; produces water and carbon

dioxide

____ The process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript

____ The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

____ Are primary cellular structures (or components) where proteins are assembled

1. ATP

2. chromosome

3. crossing over

4. chloroplast

5. gamete

6. DNA molecules

7. gene

8. germ cell

9. meiosis

10. central vacuoles

11. lysosomes

12. mitochondrion

13. mitosis

14. translation

15. transcription

16. ribosomes

17. microtubules

18. Golgi bodies

19. RNA molecules

20. nucleoli

III.True-False questions. (1 point each = 5 points):

1. Diffusion will occur, if a concentration gradient exists.

True
False
2. Molecules for biosynthetic pathways come from the environment and from the cell’s catabolic pathways.

True
False
3. Stabilizing selection is a pattern of natural selection that favors an average, not extreme, expression of a trait.

True
False
4. Animals can be defined as multi-celled autotrophs without a cell wall.

True
False
5. In general, the more narrow a species’ habitat tolerance, the larger the range of that species.

True
False
IV.Matching of Terms/Concepts with Definitions/Associations. Place the correct number on the line behind the correct term. (1/2 point each=5 points)

Term or Concept

Water molecule ___

Carbon ___

Homeostasis ___

Ionic Bonding ___

Covalent Bonding ___

Carbohydrate ___

Enzyme ___

Acid ___

Base ___

Lipid ___

Definition/Association

1. energy source

2. two atoms sharing electrons

3. electron donated/received

4. hydrophobic

5. element found in all living organisms

6. catalyst

7. OH-> H+

8. polar

9. characteristic of all living organisms

10. H+> OH-

V.Brief essay questions:Please write a concise and succinct response to each one of the following questions; be sure to mark your answers with the correct essay number. I am looking for clarity and detail which reflects your knowledge of the subject. Always include appropriate examples, if warranted. (Total possible points=30)

1.The habitat of one species of tropical fish is red coral reefs. The large majority of the fish in this populations are red. A few individual fish carry a mutation that prevents the production of the red pigment; as a result, these fish are white. The temperature of the ocean where these fish live becomes warmer and warmer over a ten year period, and, as a result, the coral is bleached and turns white. Use what you have learned about natural selection to explain how this bleaching event may have affected the evolution of this fish population (not including possible direct effects of warmer temperatures for the fish). Include the following terms in your explanation: Differential reproduction, beneficial trait, allele frequency, selection pressure, evolution (5 possible points)

2.You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there. After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separate internal structures; the other kind was much larger, and it contained several kinds of internal structures that were physically different from each other. Please name each cell and briefly describe their overall similarities and differences. (5 possible points)

3.Humans share 99% of their genes with chimpanzees, 90% with mice, 50% with fruit flies, and 37% with celery. Please explain the evolutionary significance of these data. Phylogenetic details here are essential. (5 possible points)

4.A population of pygmy-deer becomes re-established on an island after having been absent for a very long time. They are given ‘protective status’, and flourish in numbers. Then an unusually long and harsh winter happens. The deer are seen eating bark, raiding bird feeders, and some die. Describe both thedensity-dependentanddensity independentfactors at work here, and explain what might be happening to this population. Terms such as carrying capacity, and birth and death rates must be part of your discussion. (5 possible points)

5.When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, all of the energy in the lettuce is used by the rabbit. Is this statement true or false? Defend your answer. Your answer must be detailed about energy conversions and trophic levels. (5 possible points)

6.Before recombinant products were available, humans who needed hormones or other biological products, such as insulin, had to use products that were harvested from other humans and non-human animals. Can you think of specific health risks that might be associated with products that were not made with genetically engineered bacteria? (5 possible points)