Which of the following animal models of drug abuse utilizes the basic

27 Jun Which of the following animal models of drug abuse utilizes the basic

Question
Which of the following animal models of drug abuse utilizes the basic principles of classical conditioning procedures to better understand maladaptive learning and behavioral processes, underlying the development, expression and persistence of substance use disorders?

a)

Conditioned place preference

b)

None of the answers provided are correct

c)

Self-administration

d)

Both conditioned place preference and self-administration

Olds and Milner’s rats and Skinner’s pigeons learned to voluntarily execute an unnatural behavior to receive a reward (i.e. electrical stimulation of the mesolimbic pathway and a sweet food treat, respectively). Why are these experimental procedures considered to reflect operant rather than classical conditioning?

a)

The behaviors are learned and voluntarily expressed to obtain a reward

b)

The behaviors are unnatural

c)

The animals learn to associate environmental cues with the behaviors and with a reward

d)

All of the answers provided are correct

Why would you expect a recovering alcoholic to crave alcohol when they walk into a bar?

a)

Neuroplasticity within the mesocorticolimbic circuit has consolidated alcohol-associated memories, which are triggered in response to alcohol-associated cues in the bar

b)

Environmental cues associated with previous alcohol-intoxicating experiences trigger craving

c)

Both environmental cues and neuroplasticity

d)

None of the answers provided are correct

Why may it be more difficult to extinguish a conditioned response utilizing the self-administration (SA) animal of drug abuse, as compared to the conditioned place preference (CPP) animal model?

a) Conditioned aversion cannot be distinguished, regardless the number of conditioning trials

b) Conditioned rewards cannot be extinguished, regardless the number of conditioning trials

c) It is actually more difficult to extinguish a CPP response, as compared to conditioned SA behaviors

d) It may be more difficult to extinguish all drug-associated discrete cues in the SA experiment, as compared to the general drug-associated cues in the CPP experiment

Development…

a)

Can be effectively studied from a multidisciplinary perspective

b)

Can be effectively studied by examining how and why people of ages change or remain the same across time

c)

All of the answers provided are correct

d)

Is the psychological, behavioral, physical and biological maturation across time

Which of the following accurately describes the developing organism and its course, during prenatal development?

a)

Fetus (fetal period) –> embryo (embryonic period) –> zygote (germinal period)

b)

Embryo (embryonic period) –> fetus (fetal period) –> zygote (germinal period)

c)

Zygote (germinal period) –> embryo (embryonic period) –> fetus (fetal period)

d)

Fetus (fetal period) –> zygote (germinal period) —> Embryo (embryonic period)

Which of the following is considered to be the most mature sensory cortex, at the time of birth?

a)

Prefrontal cortex

b)

Auditory cortex

c)

Visual cortex

d)

Mesolimbic pathway