27 Jun PSYCHOLOGY 108 – 4 below contains a brief description of an actual
Question
Question 1 – 4 below contains a brief description of an actual undergraduate research study from Psi Chi: Journal of Undergraduate Research. For each description, (a) identify the independent variable, (b) identify the number of levels for each independent variable and describe each level, (c) identify the dependent variable, and (d) identify one potentially extraneous variable that should be controlled.
1.Undergraduate students read either a neutral paragraph or a paragraph describing one man’s experiences of anti-gay prejudice on a college campus. Researchers then measured participants’ levels of anti-gay prejudice (Nierman, 2005).
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Levels of the IV:
(c) Dependent Variable (DV):
(d) Extraneous Variable:
2. Patients at a health clinic received either their usual care or health care targeting the patients’ particular stages of change. Researchers measured the extent of positive change for various health behaviors (fat intake, exercise, smoking; Ellington & Martz, 2002).
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Levels of the IV:
(c) Dependent Variable (DV):
(d) Extraneous Variable:
3. Researchers were interested in examining whether writing or drawing about past emotional experiences would relieve anxiety. Female college students either wrote about emotional topics, drew about emotional topics, or wrote about non-emotional topics daily for 3-5 days. Anxiety and stress were measured using standard questionnaires (Ittayem & Cooley, 2004).
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Levels of the IV:
(c) Dependent Variable (DV):
(d) Extraneous Variable:
4. Researchers were interested in examining whether deaf customers would experience a longer wait for service than hearing customers. Two deaf confederates (conversing in sign language) or two hearing confederates (speaking English) entered stores and timed how long it took for them to be waited on by salespersons (McClellan & Woods, 2001).
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Levels of the IV:
(c) Dependent Variable (DV):
(d) Extraneous Variable:
5. Students watched a cartoon either alone or with others and then rated how funny they found the cartoon to be.
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Dependent Variable (DV):
6. A comprehension test was given to students after they had studied textbook material either in silence or with the television turned on
(a) Independent Variable (IV):
(b) Dependent Variable (DV):
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