Rory is a college student who intends to become a scientist

28 Jun Rory is a college student who intends to become a scientist

Question
Rory is a college student who intends to become a scientist. In order for his work to be considered science, he must _____

correctly employ the scientific method when acquiring knowledge.

stay away from the hard sciences like physics or chemistry.

give up psychology as his major.

get a doctoral degree.

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Question 22 pts

Which of the following is an example of research?

studying what methods work to improve memory

studying the difference between short and long-term memory

studying the neurochemistry of memory

altering memory in mice to better understand memory storage

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Question 32 pts

Feelings of depression have convinced Nyla to seek out a therapist. When she met with the therapist, she answered the following questions regarding her behavior: Has your sleeping changed? Has your appetite changed? Have you been crying? Have you been unable to go to work? The therapist only seemed interested in her behaviors, not her thoughts or early childhood. Most likely, Nyla’s therapist is from which school of thought?

Behaviorist

Psychoanalytic

Humanistic

Information Processing

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Question 42 pts

When we examine how factors like poverty, peers, and parents interact to produce antisocial behavior in teens, we are using the _____

systems perspective.

multifactor design model.

information processing theory

humanistic approach.

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Question 52 pts

The CT scan would be a good choice to look for which of the following?

a tumor in the brain

abnormal brain activity

a sleep disorder

individual neuron bundles

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Question 62 pts

_____ are specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system.

Gametes

Neurons

Dendrites

Axons

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Question 72 pts

If the dendrites of a neuron were not able to perform their function, _____

the myelin would shrink.

no signals would be transmitted from the neuron.

no signals would be received from the neuron.

some neural signals would still be received by the neuron.

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Question 82 pts

A presynaptic neuron is the one that is _____ a signal to another neuron.

receiving

sending

coding

inhibiting

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Question 92 pts

Our visual perceptions are complete only when _____ has (have) combined and assembled millions of pieces of visual information into a whole.

the occipital lobe

the thalamus

numerous brain areas

the brain stem

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Question 102 pts

The _____ theory is the theory of color vision that suggests three kinds of cells respond by increasing or decreasing their rate of firing when different colors are present.

opponent-process

decreasing-rate

three-cone

trichromatic

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Question 112 pts

Why would a person born without ossicles have difficulty hearing well?

No sound waves would reach the eardrum.

Sound waves would not be amplified before reaching the cochlea.

There would be no sensory receptors to transduce the sound waves.

The eardrum would not be able to vibrate.

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Question 122 pts

What concept is at play when your expectation of what will be perceived actually affects the reality of what you perceived?

cross-modal perception

the Ganzfeld effect

inattentional blindness

the perceptual set

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Question 132 pts

What is the most significant environmental cue that influences the circadian rhythm?

the temperature

food

light

sleep

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Question 142 pts

Most people’s _____ level peaks before noon, making this the time they are likely to be most _____

serotonin; mellow.

dopamine; happy.

melatonin; sleepy.

cortisol; alert.

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Question 152 pts

Jackie is an airline pilot who frequently flies across time zones. She tries to compensate for this disturbance in her circadian rhythm by adjusting her light exposure with artificial lighting. This will work best if she does which of the following?

gets bright light in the early morning and avoids it during the evening

makes sure light exposure is equal throughout the day

avoids bright light in the morning and gets it in the afternoon

it doesn’t matter, this does not work

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Question 162 pts

Which theory of sleep is based on the premise that sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm’s way?

restorative

melatonin

circadian

ecobehavioral

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Question 172 pts

Learning to make a reflex respond to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called _____

classical conditioning.

operant conditioning.

memory linkage.

adaptation.

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Question 182 pts

When conditioned stimuli are linked together to form a series of signals, such as the steps involved in having one’s blood tested, this process is called _____

stimulus chaining.

graduated conditioning.

operant conditioning.

higher-order conditioning.

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Question 192 pts

After pairing a loud noise with a white rat many times, the sight of the rat would cause little Albert to cry. Crying is an example of a(n) _____

unconditioned stimulus.

conditioned stimulus.

unconditioned response.

conditioned response.

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Question 202 pts

Taking away something that hurts or bothers someone is called _____ reinforcement.

positive

effective

negative

preferred

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Question 212 pts

Daris, a marathon runner, is trying diligently to read his textbook, but he keeps finding himself preoccupied with his upcoming race. He is frustrated because he has had to go back and reread sections the textbook in order to really understand the material. Daris seems to be having difficulty with _____

retrieval.

the positive bias of memory.

encoding.

reconstruction.

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Question 222 pts

_____ is a memory strategy that involves an individual repeating something over and over, whereas _____ is a memory strategy that involves connecting new information to something already stored in memory.

Elaborative rehearsal; displacement

Chunking; rote rehearsal

Maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal

Elaborative rehearsal; rote rehearsal

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Question 232 pts

_____ is the subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses.

Declarative memory

Explicit memory

Semantic memory

Nondeclarative memory

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Question 242 pts

Concepts are ideas that represent _____

a class or category of objects, events, or activities.

patterns of behavior.

higher-order conditioning and secondary reinforcers.

none of these

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Question 252 pts

Shay ran through her mind looking for any problem she had encountered that was at all like this one. She was hoping to use the _____ heuristic to help her find a strategy that would work.

availability

representative

means-end

analogy

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Question 262 pts

Maxwell is working on a challenging “mind bender” that is asking him to connect nine dots using only four lines without taking his pencil off the paper. The nine dots are placed in three groups of three in a square-like formation. Maxwell works on the problem for about fifteen minutes before he realizes that he has been employing the same ineffective strategy. He is forgetting to consider the special circumstances of that particular problem. As soon as he does consider the special circumstances of that particular problem, he’ll increase his chances of solving the problem. Until then, Maxwell will continue to experience _____

functional fixedness.

the means-end analysis.

the affirming the consequent phenomenon.

a mental set.

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Question 272 pts

An advantage of using a computer to generate all possible solutions is that they are not limited by ____ like we are.

short-term memory

long-term memory

working memory

implicit memory

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Question 282 pts

The process by which new objects, events, experiences, or information are incorporated into existing schemes is defined as _____ by Piaget.

a scheme

assimilation

naïve idealism

the law of conservation

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Question 292 pts

Which of the following statements is true?

Only children in the concrete and formal operations stages possess the skill of object permanence.

Only children in the preoperational stage possess the skill of object permanence.

Only children in the preoperational and sensorimotor stages possess the skill of object permanence.

Children at the end of the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operations stage, and the formal operations stage possess the skill of object permanence.

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Question 302 pts

Six-year-old Kian is in the _____ stage of cognitive development, whereas his 10-year-old brother is likely in the _____ stage.

preoperational; concrete operations

sensorimotor; preoperational

formal operations; sensorimotor

concrete operations; concrete operations

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Question 312 pts

Howard’s family is celebrating his ninetieth birthday. Howard, however, is not enjoying the celebration. He wishes everyone would go home and leave him alone to fester in his thoughts of failure about the life he has lived. In which stage of psychosocial development is Howard?

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

industry vs. inferiority

ego integrity vs. despair

generativity vs. stagnation

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Question 322 pts

Which of the components of motivation involves focusing one’s energy and mental effort and applying them toward the task at hand?

activation

assimilation

persistence

intensity

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Question 332 pts

The _____ implies that the primary reason for motivation is to maintain just the right level of mental and physical activity and alertness—not being too bored or too overwhelmed.

drive-reduction theory

Schachter-Singer theory

arousal theory

Cannon-Bard theory

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Question 342 pts

The _____ conflict tends to occur when an individual must make a decision based on two undesirable options.

approach-attend

avoidance-approach

avoidance-avoidance

approach-approach

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Question 352 pts

Kevin works for his own gutter and siding company and loves that he gets to climb around and work outside. Marsha is an accountant who prefers to work in a cubicle protected from the elements of nature. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, Kevin and Marsha are both content with their respective _____

physical variables.

workloads.

levels of mental stimulation.

variety of tasks.

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Question 362 pts

Tony is a very social and extroverted person. He also has expertise in planning. His boss assigned him to work in a quiet area by himself so he can concentrate on his plans. This could be a bad management decision because it may result in too much work-stress related to Tony’s _____ needs.

accountability

human contact

mental challenge

task variety

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Question 372 pts

For Freud, the primary motivating force of human behavior, containing repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes, and desires of which you have never been consciously aware, is the _____

ego ideal.

unconscious.

conscious.

super ego.

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Question 382 pts

According to Freud, the _____ is the psychic energy that fuels the entire personality.

preconscious

id ideal

libido

ego ideal

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Question 392 pts

Which of the following defense mechanisms involves refusing to consciously acknowledge the existence of danger or a threatening situation?

displacement

sublimation

rationalization

denial

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Question 402 pts

The _____ perspective views abnormal behavior as arising from a physical cause, such as genetic inheritance, biochemical abnormalities or imbalances, structural abnormalities within the brain, and/or infection.

learning

biopsychosocial

psychodynamic

biological

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Question 412 pts

Katie has an anxiety disorder and recently sought treatment for it. The therapist explained that the anxiety stemmed from her early childhood experiences. When Katie was young, her parents divorced. Her anxiety increased when her dad abandoned Katie, and when her mom decided to start another family with her new husband. According to Katie’s therapist, Katie has unresolved unconscious conflicts involving fear of abandonment in addition to aggression toward her father. From which psychological perspective is this explanation?

biological perspective

cognitive perspective

learning perspective

psychodynamic perspective

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Question 422 pts

A panic attack is _____

an irrational fear of an object or person.

a sudden feeling of fear, including physical symptoms such as a racing heart, body shakes, and sweating.

another name for a flashback, often seen in posttraumatic stress disorder.

an involuntary thought or image that is intrusive and triggers a fear reaction.

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Question 432 pts

Brett notices in therapy that he seems to be the one controlling the direction the session is taking. He also notices that his therapist has done a nice job of creating an atmosphere of acceptance in therapy. Because his therapist does not make it seem like she is a know-it-all and an expert, he feels like they are on a person-to-person basis. Brett finds this all helpful because it make him trust his therapist even more. Brett’s therapist is practicing _____ therapy and is utilizing _____ and _____ as therapeutic techniques.

person-centered; transference; flooding

behavior; genuineness; aversion therapy

humanistic; unconditional positive regard; congruence

interpersonal; dream analysis; the empty chair

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Question 442 pts

An approach to therapy that uses learning principles to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive responses defines _____

behavior modification.

active listening.

dream analysis.

couples therapy.

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Question 452 pts

Which of the following statements is true of systematic desensitization?

It forces people to face their fear by surrounding them with the feared object.

It pairs the feared object with an aversive, or unpleasant, stimulus.

It removes all potential reinforcers from the situation.

It pairs the feared object with relaxation.

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Question 462 pts

Bernice has a terrible phobia of heights. It has become more problematic since the announcement of her promotion. With the promotion come more money, more perks, and more prestige. Unfortunately, it also requires Bernice to work on the 35th floor of the building. She knows that she must overcome this fear if she wants to accept the promotion. With which therapeutic technique will she likely find the most success?

empathy and genuineness

transference

systematic desensitization

a token economy

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Question 472 pts

When we attempt to explain the cause of someone’s behavior, we are utilizing _____

impression management.

attributions.

the self-serving bias.

behavior assignment.

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Question 482 pts

_____ overemphasizes internal causes when explaining the behavior or others.

The self-serving bias

The situational attribution

The fundamental attribution error

The external attribution

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Question 492 pts

Sixteen-year-old Elias was frustrated to have to move and leave a high school he really liked. At his old school, he had many friends and the support of his teachers. He found his new school much different and had difficulty finding his place there. Though Elias was an excellent student at his old school, he quickly learned that he would have to abandon that to fit in with the new group of friends that appeared to be accepting him. Because he felt his need for friends and acceptance was greater than his need for good grades, he let his grades slide. Which of the following concepts best explains why Elias put forth little effort in his school work at his new school?

the matching hypothesis

conformity

obedience

the fundamental attribution error

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Question 502 pts

Christopher, a Canadian, feels that the Canadian way is the only way and clearly the best way. That being said, he feels that all other cultures are inferior to his. Which of the following concepts best describes Christopher’s viewpoint?

ethnoracism

social cognition

ethnocentrism

cultural bias