30 Jun Describe how bacterial and archaeal DNA is organized?
Question Description
When you are ready, respond to the topic below.
Please review the Discussion Board grading rubric in the course Syllabus. Discussion responses should be on topic, original, and contribute to the quality of the Discussion by making frequent informed references to lesson materials and Seminars. Initial Discussion responses should be around 100 words. Responses to your classmates or instructor should be around 50 words.
There is one topic to respond to this week. Respond to the topic and provide two or more responses to classmates that are thoughtful and advance the Discussion.
(You can access this Discussion by clicking Discussion under Unit 3).
Bacterial Genetics
Discuss how bacterial and archaeal DNA is organized, as compared to eukaryotes. Explain the application of plasmids and restriction endonucleases in genetic engineering, with examples.
DISCUSSION POST #1
Bacteria and archaea’s don’t contain a nucleus or membrane like you would find with eukaryotic cells. However, you will find bacteria and archaea’s DNA in a cytoplasm section, that is known as a nucleoid. Usually prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membranes, and eukaryotic cells are typically have membranes and are multicellular. Therefore, the fact that eukaryotic cells have a membrane and prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea’s) don’t are the defining difference between them. Plasmids are typically found in bacteria, but are also found in archaea and eukaryotes. Plasmids provide resistance to antibiotics, degradative roles, and more to its host. Plasmids are used to clone, t be able to replicate certain aspects of the cells, and make them grow. Usually, people use plasmids to manipulate certain genes in the cells to change or improve characteristics, such as flexibility, versatility, safety, cost effectiveness, shelf life, etc. Some common types of plasmids is cloning or genome engineering.
Pommerville, J. (2014). Fundamentals of Microbiology. Tenth Edition. Jones and Bartlett.
DISCUSSION POST #2
DNA in bacteria and archaea are found in the nucleoid and plasmids whereas in eukarya the DNA is found inside the nucleus. The genetic information is stored in chromosomes. In bacteria and archaea this is usually a single cellular molecule floating around in the cytoplasm. In eukarya it is a double stranded helix located in the nucleus that is protected by the membrane envelope. Plasmids are circular and super coiled. They are easily transferred between cells and are DNA elements that do not carry any of the genetic information. In genetic engineering the genes are manipulated into organisms essentially creating GMO’s. most scientists use plasmids to help manipulate the genes because they can transfer in and out of cells. In this use they are called vectors.
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Pommerville J. (2014) “Fundamentals of Microbiology.” (10th edt.) Jones & Bartlett Learning. Retrieved from Kaplan University Textbook.
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