02 Jul DURKHEIM (1858-1917)
Durkheim (1858-1917)
• He came from a Jewish family
• Raised as both religiously Jewish and patriotically French
• The war in 1870 changed his life, his lifetime goal became a search for the means to bring about a societal mortal unity
• He attended lEcole normale in Paris where Comte attended too
• Logical account and historical developmental account to describe society. Logical account, reality is structured in terms of number of levels. Each level is governed by its own laws but the laws of one level is useless in explaining the facts of another level and they range from the most simple to complex. These levels of reality are the physical, chemical, biological, psychological and social.
• Mechanical unity came from likeness. People had no individuality and shared the same set of moral rules and perceptions.
• Collective consciousness in a mechanical society, each individual mind replicates the collective consciousness of society. In a more complex organic society, each person internalizes only a portion of the whole based on the persons specialized position in society.
• Anomie is a pathological condition in which the moral rules are in a weakened or confused state. Old rules have declined and new ones have yet to fully emerge.
• Anomic society will have an abnormal increase in murder, other crimes, suicide and unhappiness.
• Moral rules form an objective and scientifically discoverable feature of society
• Individual representations reflect only isolated, unique individual experiences. Changes in social reality create new types of individuals
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