introduction to engineering design

1. Goals of the First Phase of the Project:

The primary goals of this are: 1. To select a topic for your final project. 2. To clearly state the goals of your design in terms of performance requirements. 3. To carry out a detailed literature review about design alternatives. See instructions below. 4. To provide sketches and basic calculations that explain your design concept.

2. Specific Instructions for this Assignment:

This assignment is the first part of the term project. It is imperative that you submit it on time to ensure satisfactory progress towards the completion of the final project report. The final project report is composed of portions of Phase 1 and phase 2 assignments along with additional assembly files and technical drawings.

 All parts of the term project (Phase 1, Phase 2, and Final Project) must be done by teams of 3 students.

 The team members must remain the same for the duration of the semester.

 Use word processor for writing your report.

 Hand sketches of your conceptual design are required. The sketches must be clear and legible. The sketches should explain how your mechanism works and how parts are assembled. Scan these pages and include them in your pdf-format report

 Typical report length is expected to be 2 to 5 pages.

 Submit the Phase 1 report (pdf file) named according to this convention: Group##.pdf

 Submit a hardcopy of your report in class within the first 10 minutes of the due date.

3. Proposed project topics:

All proposed projects must meet some minimal criteria and be formally approved by the instructor.

1. The project must involve designing a system comprised of more than a single part and less than 10 major parts excluding standard fasteners.

2. The design must perform movement of a particular load (be it gravitational load or an external load). This means that you cannot propose designing a stationary truss.

3. The design must be driven by mechanical force/torque input through either a motor, manual handle, or a spring element.

The following is a list of project topics that you may choose from. You are encouraged to discuss your ideas with the instructor as quickly as possible.

1. Design a single-blade windshield wiper. 2. Design a screw-driven car jack. 3. Design a variation of a scissor lift. 4. Design a variation of an internal combustion engine. 5. Design a variation of earth moving machinery. 6. Design an innovative robotic arm. 7. Design …

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4. The assignment tasks:

What to Submit: Phase 1 submission should include the following: Cover page Team member names, MTSU IDs, and section number should be marked clearly on the cover page. Creative project titles are encouraged! Section 1. Summarize project objectives (2 pts) Briefly state the goal(s) of your project (1 paragraph). Section 2. Literature Review (30 pts) Summarize the results of your literature search. Include figures where appropriate. The goal of a good literature review is to provide a bird’s eye view of the topic being reviewed. A good literature review provides a value-added by compiling/categorizing the data, then comparing, contrasting and delineating the attributes and operational concepts. Your literature search should include at least several patents and other sources (web pages, academic/research articles and books maybe) that should be properly cited in text and included in a list of references at the end of your document. Use the library, web, the USPTO (http://www.uspto.gov/ and http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html), google.com/patents, scholar.google.com, etc. to gather as much information as possible about existing designs. You should provide a concise, thoughtful review of available designs (not a laundry list and pictures only). For example, if you were re- designing a car jack you should say that “the general types of car jacks include scissor jack, column jack, y- jack and parallel linkage jack. The actuation methods include hydraulic, screw driven, electro-mechanical”. For each type you might provide examples of pictures, designs and/or patents, and then discuss relative benefits and drawbacks. Feel free to use tables if that helps to concisely/compile your findings. It is important that you reduce your research material into a succinct summary which describes the main features of existing designs that are likely to be relevant to your own design. Do not list every item that you found. Please make sure to properly reference the information you acquired from various sources. For example, if you were to write: “During walking kangaroos use their tail as if it is a fifth leg (O’Connor et al., 2014).” Notice that the citation comes immediately after the point that was referenced. If you are presenting a figure taken from elsewhere, then the source/citation should appear in the figure capture. At the end of the document you will include a reference list (bibliography). The citation above would appear as follows in the references section: O’Connor, S. M., Dawson, T. J., Kram, R. and Donelan, J. M. (2014). The kangaroo’s tail propels and powers pentapedal locomotion. Biol. Lett. 10, 20140381. You do not need to use this exact citation format, but you MUST use a legitimate reference/citation format (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE). Do NOT make up your own format. You are welcome/encouraged to download free software like Zotero to ensure that your citation format is correct. Please include links to all web pages and patents referenced. Section 3. Specify Design Requirements (20 pts) Research and summarize the design task requirements and performance metrics. Many/most of them should be quantifiable. Examples would be the required travel range, payload, motion speed, motion range of your design (with appropriate units of measure). You may also rely on performance of existing systems that could be used as competitors for your proposed design – regardless, it is best practice to justify each metric you use. As an example, imagine you were designing a 3-hole punch. You would need to specify the (maximum) number of sheets of paper you desire to punch at a single time (perhaps to meet or beat competitors). You would then use this to figure out the necessary height of the gap (in mm) where you would insert the paper. You would need to specify the force requirement needed to punch through that amount of paper (in Newtons). If the device was manually operated you would need to specify the maximum amount of force the user would

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need to apply (again in Newtons; note: this might very well be different from the force needed to punch through the paper since you could design a mechanism (e.g., lever) in between the user force input and the hole punch force output, and there is a reasonable limit to how much force a normal person can produce). If the hole punch was motorized, you might need to specify the performance requirements of the motor. To do this, you may need to learn a little about how to select a motor or do some simple calculations that consider the minimum motor torque (in Newton-meters) required to produce a given force (assuming a maximum torque lever arm). You would also need to specify the maximum weight of the device (in kg), and the size/form factor (in mm), etc. And there may be some specifications about materials that could or could not be used. In closing, the design requirements should be well thought out, justified, quantifiable (for the most part, i.e., specifying the units of measure) and should include relevant citations. Section 4. Present Design Concepts (30 pts) Propose your design concept. Present the concepts using simple descriptions/sketches explaining the principle of operation clearly (neat sketches on blank white paper). Use a ruler or protractor if it helps you sketch more neatly. Textual callouts and notes may be used sparingly. Provide as many sketches as you need to convey the form & function of each design concept. Sketches of sub-assemblies & of exploded views are often useful. Section 5. Benchmark Design Concepts (15 pts) Compare your proposed concept with other similar concepts using a method for quantifiable comparison. There are many methods for benchmarking. One example is provided in Table 1 where comparison is based on weighted total merit score. You should include the performance criteria and attributes that are relevant to your product.

Table 1: example of benchmarking using weighted score

Performance metric

description

Performance Weight (1-10)

(higher is better)

Concept 1 Concept 2

Score Weighted score

Score Weighted score

Complexity 1- 10

4 3 12 8 32

Weight 1-10 3 7 21 9 27

Portability 1-10 2 7 14 8 16

Reliability 1-10 10 6 60 6 60

Serviceability 1-10

4 5 20 4 16

Ergonomics 1- 10

8 8 64 6 48

Aesthetics 1- 10

4 7

28 4

16

Total: 219 Total: 215

Section 6. References/Citations (3 pts) Per instructions in Section 2 above, use a proper citation format.

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