18 Jul WHY IS HAND HYGIENE (HH) IMPORTANT?
Multilevel analysis of a hospital-wide hand hygiene program in Singapore
MAIN POINTS TO BE INCLUDED:
1. INTRODUCTION
-Why is hand hygiene (HH) important? Reduce hospital acquired infections that have detrimental effects
-HH compliance is low worldwide.
-Our hospital 50-60% compliance
-November 2013 our hospital started a campaign where each inpatient ward is allowed to select one or more interventions to be applied with the goal to improve HH.
-Aim: to determine which intervention combination works the best
-How? We compare the audit results before and after the program.
-We need to treat this as a cluster trial as groups of individuals rather than the individuals are randomized to different interventions (I have provided some papers on this). Need to elaborate.
2. METHODS
-Please refer to PROPOSAL.pdf and RESULTS.pdf
Sections
-Audit – refer to PROPOSAL
-Wards and HH moments included in the study (see DATA.xls)
-Types of intervention adopted by the wards (brief description)
-Study design
-Statistical analysis: paired t-test to compare overall and individual wards improvement before and after intervention. Multilevel modelling.
3. RESULTS (ATTACHED)
-Refer to RESULTS.pdf
4. DISCUSSION
-Overall improvement but some wards did better than others.
-Professions 1=nurses, 2=doctors, 3=allied health, 4=nursing students, 5=medical students. HH depends on profession. Why? Any other papers supporting this?
-If barriers to HH is removed so HH is easier to be done, HH compliance would improve.
-Our data suggest that visual or auditory or auditing alone do not improve HH compliance. What do other studies say?
-Interestingly, if combined together, they do display a strong effect.
What does this mean to healthcare workers: stop useless programs and use audio/visual/audit method – but phrase it cautiously as human behaviour is a dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment – what works in one ward may not work in another. No one size fits all.
-Strengths of the paper: made the best out of a real life scenario, multiple time points to assess, multiple wards, many assessed at each ward. Established cause and effect. Advantages of cluster design. One ward to the next may be different (i.e. more surgical than medical and also some are ICU which HH is stricter – these factors weren’t accounted for)
-Limitations of the paper: no randomization, no proper control, disadvantages of cluster design.
-Future directions: measure longterm effect of intervention (i.e. is the improvement from audiovisual/audit intervention sustainable) by doing a follow up study with more time points and more variables, have a control ward with no interventions (unsure if this is ethical). Please add as you wish
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