22 Jul HOW DO RESEARCHERS DEFINE AND MEASURE THIS MENTAL QUALITY?
What exactly is intelligence? How do researchers define and measure this mental quality?
conceptualizations tend to suggest that intelligence involves the ability to Learn. The acquisition, retention, and use of knowledge is an important component of intelligence. Recognize problems. To put knowledge to use, people must first be able to identify possible problems in the environment that need to be addressed. Solve problems. People must then be able to take what they have learned to come up with a useful solution to a problem they have noticed in the world around them. Intelligence involves some different mental abilities including logic, reasoning, problem-solving and planning. While the subject of intelligence is one of the largest and most heavily researched, it is also one of the topics that generates the greatest controversy. While psychologists often disagree about the definition and causes of intelligence, research on intelligence plays a significant role in many areas. These include decisions regarding how much funding should be given to educational programs, the use of testing to screen job applicants and the use of testing to identify children who need additional academic assistance. Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) offered a differing theory of intelligence. Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstone’s theory focused on seven different “primary mental abilities.” The abilities that he described were: Verbal comprehension Reasoning Perceptual speed Numerical ability Word fluency Associative memory…
tial visualization Psychologist Robert Sternberg defined intelligence as “mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life.” While he agreed with Gardner that intelligence is much broader than a single, general ability, he instead suggested some of Gardner’s intelligences are better viewed as individual talents. Sternberg proposed what he referred to as ‘successful intelligence’ comprised of three different factors: Analytical intelligence: This component refers to problem-solving abilities. Creative intelligence: This aspect of intelligence involves the capacity to deal with new situations using past experiences and current skills. Practical intelligence: This element refers to the ability to adapt to a changing environment.While there has been considerable debate over the exact nature of intelligence, no definitive conceptualization has emerged. Today, psychologists often account for the many different theoretical viewpoints when discussing intelligence and acknowledge that this debate is ongoing.
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