29 Jul EXPLAIN THE PRIMARY WAY IN WHICH THE NEW SYNTHESIS IS DIFFERENT FROM DARWIN’S ORIGINAL THEORY OF EVOLUTION.
Darwin drew from a number of earlier thinkers in the development of his theory. The background for the development of the concept of natural selection was primarily the well-known phenomenon of artificial selection by plant and animal breeders, added to the concepts proposed by Malthus in his Essay on Populations. Explain just what the theory of natural selection is, beginning by describing exactly what ideas Darwin got from Malthus, then by explaining what concepts Darwin added to Malthus’s ideas. Make sure you clearly indicate which ideas came from Malthus and which were Darwin’s.
Our modern version of evolutionary theory is frequently called the “new synthesis,” or “neo-Darwinism.” Though in essence this current view retains most of Darwin’s original vision and insight, there is one major difference. Actually, it’s a major addition. Explain the primary way in which the New Synthesis is different from Darwin’s original theory of evolution.
A major kind of evidence supporting the evolutionary background of modern life forms is “signatures of history.” Explain just what this term means, and describe two examples and how they show that the organisms which have them are descended from ancestors who lived different kinds of lives.
Like all scientific theories, the theory of evolution has undergone some alteration since it was originally proposed — we know a lot more now than we did 150 years ago, and a lot of aspects of Darwin’s original proposal have undergone a variety of different kinds of testing and subsequent modifications.
One of the things that Darwin didn’t apparently get quite right is the pacing of speciation. His primary concept of this phenomenon is generally referred to as “Darwinian Gradualism.”
Explain just what gradualism is. What is the alternative proposal offered by S.J. Gould and Niles Eldredge? What major body of evidence supports Gould and Eldredge’s theory over Darwin’s? And finally, are the two proposals mutually exclusive? (In other words, if one is a correct description of the pacing of evolutionary change, must the other necessarily be false?)
Geologists around the world contributed to the development of the geological chart, which defines the subdivision of the history of our planet and the life it supports. Some people claim that the evolutionary explanation for the history of life on Earth and this geological chart form a kind of circular reasoning. The claim is that each of them is used as evidence to support the other. Explain exactly why this claim is false.
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