29 Jul WHY MIGHT USING A LARGER NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS TO DETERMINE THIS OUTCOME BE WISE?
Did the results support or refute the hypothesis? Explain.
B. How similar are the observed to the expected results from the Pun nett Square?
C. If the results are not similar, how might the differencebe explained?
D. WillamonohybridF1crossincornyieldthesameratioofexpectedphenotype inprogenyas for the tobacco seedlings? Why or why not?
E. Ifavailable, compareyourF2seedlingdatatothoseofyourclassmates.Aretheoutcomeratios the same? Why might using a larger number of seedlings to determine this outcome be wise?
Exercise 2: Dihybrid GeneticCrosses
PROCEDURE
1. Basedonwhatyoucanconcludeaboutitsgeneticmakeupwhentoldthatthecornplant parentcross(P)picturedinFigure2isbetweenacompletelydominantplantandacompletely recessive plant,
a. Constructandrecordahypothesis aboutwhatthegeneticmakeupandthefrequencies oftheallelesfortheF1 progenyplantsinthedihybridcrossofcornwillbe.Recordyour hypothesis here:
b. IftheseF1 progenyaremated,whatwillbetheresultingallelic frequencyfortheF2
progeny? Record this hypothesis here:
RESULTS
A. Whatarethetwohypothesesthatyoumadeabouttheallelicfrequenciesofprogenyproduced by the crosses:
P x P?
F1x F1?
B. Based on what you know about phenotypes and Figure 2, for the P generation, what is the corn plant genotype on each cob containing the P corn kernels? One is completely dominant, so its genotype is
One is completely recessive, so its genotype is .
C. WoulditmakeadifferenceintheoutcomeofthiscrossifthegenotypeofoneparentisPPss and the other is ppSS?
D. FromthephenotypeofthekernelsoneachPgeneration cobwhatwouldthepredicted genotype of any F1plant be?
E. Giventhe2nequationpredicthowmanydifferentgeneticoutcomeswillbepossiblefroman
F1cross resultingin the F2generationin a dihybrid corn cross.
F. IfaF2corncobresultingfromthisF1crosscontained563seeds,howmanyoftheseeds would you expect to look like the F1parent?
QUESTIONS
A. How well do the predicted results match the actual results in Table 4?
B. Based onthePunnettSquarepredictions,canastatementbemadeastowhetheryour hypotheses are supported or rejected? Which and why?
C. DihybridF1 crossesresultinapredictableF2 progenyphenotypicfrequencythatholdstrue universally. Based on the Expected outcome, what is it?
D. If your results are not as expected why might there be differences?
E. Whatapplicationsmightthistypeofgeneticinvestigationhave?Howmighttheinformation be applied medically?
Exercise 3: Chi-square and Hypothesis Testing
QUESTIONS
A. Whatcanbeconcludedaboutyourprediction ofexpectedF2 progenyphenotypicoutcome from the F1cross? Was it close to the observed outcome?
B. Howmightthec2testforfitnessbeusedinotherways?Tryitonthetobaccoseedling F
cross, for instance.
C. Inatypicalcrosswhereaparentwithacompletelydominanttraitismatedwithaparent exhibiting acompletelyrecessivetrait,whatistheexpectedgenotypicoutcomeandallelic frequency for the F1progeny?
Give an example.
D. InatypicalcrosswherehybridF1parentsaremated,whatistheexpectedgenotypic outcome and allelic frequency of the F2progeny?
Give an example.
E. FortheF2 progenyproducedfromatypicalF1 hybridmating,howmanytotallyrecessive individuals would be produced if the progeny total populationis six offspring?
What if the progeny populationwas 20?
50?
1,000?
F. Excluding factorssuchassex-linkedgenes,incompletedominance orepistasis,etc.,willthe above cross results vary if differentorganisms are used, such as dogs or tulips? Why or why not?
G. Howwillfactorssuchassex-linked genes,incompletedominance,orepistasis, etc.,affectthe expected outcomes that were investigatedabove?
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