31 Jul Paper Due In 5hours!
I have a term paper due in the next 5 hours. I have started the paper and it is on Stop and frisk and racial profiling. I simply need the last 3 pages, abstract page and citation page done. I am paying $40 for this assignment.
Here are the instructions from the instructor.
The term paper must be at least 5 to 8 pages in content length and have a minimum of three credible academic sources. The term paper must have a title page, abstract, and reference page; however, these pages DO NOT count as the required 5-8 content pages. The student is expected to follow one of the many recognized academic writing styles, such as MLA or APA. The term paper MUST BE submitted formatted in Microsoft Word or Rich Text.
I have attached the part of the paper I have already done below*******
Stop and Frisk vs Racial Profiling
Stop and frisk came about to allow officers to stop a person in a public place, ask questions to determine if the person has committed or is about to commit an offense, and frisk the person for weapons if the officer has reasonable concern for his or her own personal safety. The problem is that there is a high controversial issue in law enforcement stopping motorist based on racial profile. I will be discussing the concerns that exist with stop and frisk, how racial profiling has put minorities in a state of fear and what is and could be different at this time to truly protect and serve all communities.
In 1968, the leading case on Stop and Frisk was Terry v. Ohio. A police detective with 39years of experience in the Cleveland police force watched three men who appeared to be casing a store. After a while the detective approached them, told them who he was and asked them for their identification. After receiving a mumbled response the officer frisked the men and two of them were carrying concealed weapons. The Supreme Court decided that the police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning even without probable cause to believe the person has committed a crime. This change was significant because the practice is based on reasonable suspicion instead of probable cause. Probable Cause is definedas the logical belief, supported by facts and circumstances that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed.. Reasonable suspicion is a reasonable presumption that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed. It is a reasonable belief based on facts or circumstances and is informed by a police officer’s training and experience. Reasonable suspicion is seen as more than a guess or hunch but less than probable cause.
In recent years, data collected during Terry stops has shown that some police departments have misused the practice and, in doing so, violated the constitutional rights of some citizens. The practice’s misuse has been attributed to department stop quotas which forced police officers to increase the number of stops they conduct. The increase in stops affected some racial groups more than others, highlighting racial bias in policing (Sunlight Foundation). An article from a retired Captain for NYPD shared his story of when he first started it was legal for an officer to approach a person and “stop and question”, which based on their answers the situation could escalate to an arrest based on probable cause. He stated that the frisk part came only if they were expected to have a weapon or if there was probable cause of a crime already had taken place. These directions had changed in the 1990’s when they were advised to stop question and frisk.
Stop and Frisk has different affects in different states. The New York Police Department is currently dealing with a lawsuit based on stop and frisk and the appearance that people are being stopped more based on racial profiling. The statistics show that out of 530,000 people stopped and searched in 2012 only 10 percent were white and 89 percent of the stops did not lead to an arrest or even a citation.
In the state of Philadelphia, changes that were done by ACLU ( American City Liberty Union) helped with stop-and-frisk-style policing by adjusting officers training and the time on drug-related sentences. While stop and frisks overall have declined in Philadelphia, 47 percent of the frisks conducted were without reasonable suspicion, 76 percent of the stops were minorities and 85 percent of the frisks were of minorities.
Maryland residents in Baltimore’s are affected by racial profiling in motorist stops, which is part of a statewide issue. This is only the latest in the Maryland State Police Department’s struggle with complaints about profiling procedures, which began in the 1990s.
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