Hypothesis Testing and Critical Evaluations #2

1. A total of 100 undergraduates were recruited to participate in a study on the effects of study location on learning. The study employed a 2 x 2 between-subjects design, with all participants studying a chapter on the science of gravity and then being tested on the to-be-learned material one week later. Fifty of the participants were asked to study the chapter at the library, whereas the other fifty were asked to study the chapter at home. As a separate manipulation, participants were either told to study the chapter for 30 min or 120 min. The hypothetical set of data shown below represents the level of performance of participants on the test as a function of condition.

30 min 120 min Library 60 80 Home 40 60

a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by

comparing the simple effects.

d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided.

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 min 120 min

Library

Home

e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be

sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

2. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:

30 min 120 min Library 50 90 Home 50 70

a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by

comparing the simple effects.

d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided.

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 min 120 min

Library

Home

e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be

sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

3. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:

30 min 120 min Library 50 90 Home 60 80

a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by

comparing the simple effects.

d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided.

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 min 120 min

Library

Home

e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be

sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

4. Now pretend that the following data were obtained:

30 min 120 min Library 95 95 Home 95 95

a) Is there a main effect of Study Location? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

b) Is there a main effect of Study Duration? In answering, provide the marginal means and state the direction of the effect (if there is one).

c) Do the results indicate an interaction? If so, describe the nature of the interaction by

comparing the simple effects.

d) Illustrate the results with a bar graph using the figure provided.

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 min 120 min

Library

Home

e) Interpret the results. What do they tell you about how study location affects learning? (be

sure to refer to the interaction or lack thereof)

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

In an earlier assignment you were asked to test a number of hypotheses using the experimental method. For the current Hypothesis Testing exercise, you are asked to test the same hypotheses using a factorial design. The goal is to show that each hypothesis is true under one condition, but not (or reversed) under another condition. In other words, the goal is to predict an interaction.

5. Bad experiences are more likely to be remembered than good experiences Independent Variable #1: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Independent Variable #2: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Operational Definition of DV: ____________________________________________________________________ Sample/Population: ____________________________________________________________________________ Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are predicting it: _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you plan to find a good balance: ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual numbers for your predictions):

IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2

IV #2

Level 1

IV #2

Level 2

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

6. Students perform better in class when they take notes using pen and paper instead of a laptop Independent Variable #1: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Independent Variable #2: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Operational Definition of DV: ____________________________________________________________________ Sample/Population: ____________________________________________________________________________ Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are predicting it: _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you plan to find a good balance: ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual numbers for your predictions):

IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2

IV #2

Level 1

IV #2

Level 2

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

7. Bad news travels fast (proverb) Independent Variable #1: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Independent Variable #2: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Operational Definition of DV: ____________________________________________________________________ Sample/Population: ____________________________________________________________________________ Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are predicting it: _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you plan to find a good balance: ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual numbers for your predictions):

IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2

IV #2

Level 1

IV #2

Level 2

Name: ______________________ Psych 100

8. Too many cooks spoil the broth (proverb) Independent Variable #1: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Independent Variable #2: ___________________________________ within subjects _____ between subjects _____ Level 1: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Level 2: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Operational Definition of DV: ____________________________________________________________________ Sample/Population: ____________________________________________________________________________ Describe your predicted interaction and explain why you are predicting it: _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss issues of internal and external validity and how you plan to find a good balance: ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Predicted Results (label the conditions and provide actual numbers for your predictions):

IV #1 Level 1 IV #1 Level 2

IV #2

Level 1

IV #2

Level 2

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