21 Aug Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
- Textbook: Chapter 8
- Lesson
- Minimum of 1 scholarly source
Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, respond to one of the following options:
- From the following terms, choose two: Orthodox Judaism, Hassidic Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Conservative Judaism. Briefly define these two terms, then explain their relationship to one another. How are they similar, and how are they different? What lead to their development?
- The destruction of the 2nd Temple in Jerusalem marks a major shift in the history and character of Judaism. What characterizes Jewish practice before the destruction of the 2nd Temple, and what characterizes Jewish practice after the Temple’s destruction? How are these practices different? What was maintained?
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Respond to a peer who chose an option different from the one you chose. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.
Writing Requirements
- APA format for in-text citations and list of references
reading:
Judaism: The Father of Three Great Religions
Introduction-
Despite its small numbers, Judaism has had an incalculable influence on Western religion. Abraham was the father of all three Western religions. It was Judaism which gave to the West its unique sense of one God (ethical monotheism), as well as its unique prophetic tradition; part of the covenant (or agreement with God) is social justice and claims that the world may be evil, but it is not static. The world can change, and we are, necessarily, a part of that change.
Judaism and the American Experience
The experience of Jews in America is illustrative of how religions adapt in a new world. By examining the story of Judaism in America in the 19th and 20th centuries, we get a microcosm of how this change works. Before the American Revolution, Jews were a distinct minority, living in port cities such as New York and Charleston. Most were Sephardic, that is, they came to America from Spain and Portugal. They quickly organized their community life around synagogues. After the American Revolution, they, like many other immigrant populations, benefited from newfound freedoms. They began to assert their rights as a group and to establish organizations to further their needs. As European Jews migrated to the United States, many fleeing from a rising tide of persecution in Eastern European countries, they encountered a new culture that was both full of promise, and full of challenge. While America offered many opportunities, the immigrant Jewish populations found themselves crammed into small apartments and working in poor, sometimes dangerous, conditions. The Americans of the early 1900’s were uncomfortable with the influx of Jewish culture and traditions, and many Jewish immigrants faced prejudice and suspicion not dissimilar to that they had left behind in Europe.
Reform Judaism began to take shape in the synagogues of urban Germany. Its first impulse was simply to free itself from governmental rule and revise synagogue worship. These revisions included introducing the vernacular into worship, hymns, and even sermons. David Einhorn (1809-79) was a leading figure in Reform Judaism in both Europe and the United States. He had been chief rabbi in Mecklenberg (Germany) and immigrated to the United States after the 1848 revolutions. At his inaugural sermon in Baltimore, he said:
“Judaism has reached a turning-point when all . . . customs and usages as are lifeless must be abolished, partly with the object of retaining its own followers, partly to protect from moral degeneracy. . . . On the one hand, the most important ceremonial laws are violated daily, laws which are still considered incumbent upon the Israelite; on the other hand, religious wishes and hopes are expressed in prayer which do not awaken the least response in the heart, and stand in absolute contradiction to the true spirit of Sinaitic doctrine.”
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