25 Aug Tarabian Format 500 WORD Discussion Board
Tarabian Format 500 WORD Discussion Board
Is ethical relativism correct?
Thread: After studying the Reading & Study materials, compose a 530 word argument that is objective, carefully-constructed, and free of emotion (and hence it should not contain any exclamation points) in support of your opinion about ethical relativism. First, explain exactly what ethical relativism is. Don’t simply re-state the reading but provide an explanation of relativism using your own words but also showing that you did the reading and understand the issue. Second, argue either that ethical relativism is true or that it is false, explaining in detail why you think your opinion is correct. You may want to acknowledge some truths on the opposing side. Treat both sides with respect.
Be sure to carefully define your terms. You are encouraged to support your position with rational arguments, fitting examples, and expert sources. Any quotes or information used from sources other than yourself must be ***cited using footnotes in current Turabian*** format and will not count towards the total word count.***
** Moral Reasoning: An Intentional Approach to Distinguishing Right from Wrong
Author: Michael S. Jones **
Christian Ethics: A Case Method Approach, 4th Edition
Author: James B Martin Schramm;Laura A. Stivers;Christine E. Gudorf
** Moral Reasoning: An Intentional Approach to Distinguishing Right from Wrong
Author: Michael S. Jones **
*Chapter 1 page 11
ethics. The underlying belief may be that moral values are nothing more than opinions, or perhaps it is that even if such values are more than mere opinion, there is no way to know which opinion is actually the correct one. Regarding the latter, there are actually quite a few possible ways of evaluating competing moral opinions to determine which is more likely to be correct, and these are what the bulk of this book will cover. The former view is a version of ethical relativism, which is such a significant threat to developing a coherent ethical system that it will be the subject of a whole chapter – the very next chapter. So please read on! Terms to know: ␣ Ethics ␣ Morality ␣ Etiquette ␣ Metaphysics ␣ Metaethics
*Chapter 2 page 14 ****Ethical Relativism **
Introduction Have you ever had anyone tell you, “Well, that may be right for you, but it’s not right for me”? It could be that the view underlying this statement is ethical relativism. Ethical relativisms come in various forms, but the common thread that binds them together is the idea that what is actually right and wrong can vary from one person or group of people to another. While this has never been the dominant view in the West, it gained ground throughout the 20th century and with the entrance of Postmodernism into public consciousness it has become a major factor in Western culture. If ethical relativism is true, then the approach that we must take to determining what is morally right will be very different from the approach that we would take if relativism is not true. Hence it is very important to treat this issue near the beginning of a book on metaethics. One type of relativism is essentially epistemological in nature. It argues that moral judgements are completely subjective; that is, it holds that there is no possible way to be objective about morality. This view is called “moral subjectivism.”10 It may at first seem strange to the reader 10 The opposite of moral subjectivism is ethical objectivism, which holds that ethical principles are not completely subjective but rather can be known objectively.
Chapter Page 15
who has never encountered it, but it’s not so odd: after all, we have no problem saying that what kind of food tastes best, what kind of music sounds best, and what kind of painting looks best are completely subjective issues. “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,” as they say. Essentially the moral subjectivist is saying that morality is also a matter of personal taste or preference. One person prefers a society in which taxes are high in order to provide social benefits for even the neediest people in that society, while another person prefers a society in which both taxes and social benefits are minimal in the belief that this will result in a thrifty and industrious working class. Obviously, there are advantages and disadvantages to both of these approaches; perhaps which is best is simply a matter of taste. That is what the subjectivist would argue, anyway. Another type of relativism is “cultural relativism.” This is the view that what is right or wrong is determined by your culture, by the society in which you live. The culture of the United States values independence, self- reliance, resourcefulness, and the Protestant work ethic (among other things). A cultural relativist would say that what is right in our context is what is in accord with these values. Therefore a socio-economic approach that tends to be in opposition to high taxes and broad social benefits is the more ethical option in the US. In contrast, Chinese culture (even prior to the ascent of Chinese communism) values the whole above the parts, seeing humanity as an ascending hierarchy the preservation and flourishing of which is the greatest good. Hence the family unit is of more importance than the individuals who make up the family, the village is of more importance than the families that make up the village, and the state is of more importance than the villages that make up the state. But that which benefits the state tends to benefit the village, and that which benefits the village tends to benefit the f
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