29 Aug Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Discussion Response 180-200 Words APA
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body, which includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug determine how much drug will be at its sites of action at any given time, and are the major determinants of the time course over which drug responses take place. Absorption of a drug is influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the drug and by physiologic and anatomic factors at the absorption site. The drug-metabolizing capacity and its excretion in infants and older people are decreased and dosage may be carefully adjusted to prevent toxicity. As an advanced practice nurse, good knowledge on the pharmacodynamics (the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced) and pharmacokinetics is essential to achieve the therapeutic objective.
A recent incident I remember is a 79-year-old lady, who came to the Emergency room with complaining tremors, fatigue, dizziness, and occasional chest discomfort started 45 minutes ago. The patient provides past medical history of hypertension, vertigo, and hypothyroidism and past surgical history of cervical laminectomy. The patient is allergic to penicillin, Lisinopril, Amlodipine, Ace inhibitors, and Hydrochlorothiazide. Vital signs are Heart rate 88/minute, BP 141/84, Respiratory rate 18 and SPO2 100% on room air. On reviewing old records, this patient was presented to ED a few months ago for dizziness and was discharged with a diagnosis of vertigo. Patient further reports that her primary provider starts a new medication, Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) 3 weeks ago for her blood pressure. Cardiac workup including EKG was initiated and EKG reading was normal. Laboratory results were significant for low sodium level of 131 (reference range 135 to 145 mEq/L), and blood glucose 160mg/dL. All other lab values were within normal limits. Patient felt better after the infusion of a bolus of 1.5-liter Normal saline and was discharged home.
Modification of plan of care in this scenario include discontinuation or readjustment of the dose of Spironolactone, educate patient and family about the medication, its potential complications and discuss methods to avoid side effects and complications, educate about the importance of regular blood work to evaluate electrolytes and advice to avoid high potassium diets and to encourage adequate hydration while on Spironolactone. In old age, renal function often declines result in a decrease in the excretion of drugs through kidneys. As a prescriber or an advanced practitioner, it is our responsibility to monitor the patient’s response for both positive effects and adverse effects to determine whether too much or too little medication has been administered as individual patient’s response to medication varies.
Reference
Rosenthal, L.D., & Burchum, J.R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers.
St. Louis, MO: Elsevier
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (2017). Retrieved from
https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list
American Geriatrics Society (2019). Updated AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate
Medication Use in Older Adults. Update Expert Panel. Retrieved from
https://class.content.laureate.net/cc74d598cd0208b6fb67b6926bd717f9.pdf (abey)
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Writedemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.