03 Oct Infrastructure
Managing and Using Information Systems:
A Strategic Approach – Sixth Edition
Keri Pearlson, Carol Saunders, and Dennis Galletta
© Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 6 Architecture and
Infrastructure
Mohawk Paper
•What did Mohawk paper see as an opportunity?
•What did they do?
•What was the result?
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 3
From Vision to Implementation •Architecture translates strategy into infrastructure
•Home architect develops a blueprint of a proposed house—based on customer
•Business architect develops a blueprint of a company’s proposed systems—based on strategy
•This “blueprint” is used for translating business strategy into a plan for IS.
•The IT infrastructure is everything that supports the flow and processing of information (hardware, software, data, and networks).
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 4
From abstract to concrete – building vs. IT
Abstract Concrete
Owner’s
Vision
Architect’s
Plans
Builder’s
Implementation
Strategy Architecture Infrastructure
Information
Technology
Building
The Manager’s Role
•Must understand what to expect from IT architecture and infrastructure.
•Must clearly communicate business vision.
•May need to modify the plans if IT cannot realistically support them.
•Manager MUST be involved in the decision making process.
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 6
From Strategy to Architecture
•Manager starts out with a strategy.
•Strategy is used to develop more specific goals
•Business requirements must be determined for each goal so the architect knows what IS must accomplish.
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 7
Example
•Strategy: Be a customer-oriented company •Goal: 30-day money back guarantee
• Business Requirement: ability to track purchases
• Business Requirement: ability to track problems
•Goal: Answer email questions within 6 hours • Business Requirement: Ability to handle the volume
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 8
From Business Requirements to Architecture
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The Example Continues
•Business Requirement: Ability to track purchases •Architectural Requirement:
• Database that can handle all details of more than a 30-day history
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 10
From Architecture to Infrastructure
•Adds more detail to the architectural plan. • actual hardware, software, data, and networking
•Components need coherent combination
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 11
From Architecture to Infrastructure
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 12
The Example Continues
Architectural Requirement: Database that can handle all details of more than a 30-day history Functional Specification: be able to hold 150,000
customer records, 30 fields; be able to insert 200 records per hour Hardware specification: 3 gigaherz Core 2 Duo Server
Hardware specification: half terabyte RAID level 3 hard drive array
Software specification: Apache operating system
Software specification: My SQL database Data protocol: IP (internet protocol)
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 13
A Framework for the Translation
•Considerations for moving from strategy to architecture to infrastructure: • Hardware – physical components • Software – programs • Network – software and hardware
• Data – utmost concern: data quantity & format
•What-who-where is a useful framework
© 2016 John Wi ley & Sons, Inc. 14
Component What Who Where
Hardware What hardware does the organization have?
Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it?
Where is it
located? Where is
it used?
Software What software does the organization have?
Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it?
Where is it
located? Where is
it used?
Network What networking does the organization have?
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