28 Jul The format is based on the format used in scientific journa
The format is based on the format used in scientific journal articles where papers have anintroduction, materials and methods, results and discussion. It should be written in 12-pointfont (Arial, Helvetica or Calibri), double-spaced and formatted using the APA style for in textcitations and references cited.• Scientific papers are written in the third person.o Avoid the use of first person: I, us, we, etc.• Avoid direct quotes; rather paraphraseo Inclusion of direct quotes will result in a point deduction.• Include page numbers on all pages except the title page. The Introduction beginswith page 2. The References Cited page has a page number on it by is on itsown page.• Include a running head (described below).DIRECT QUOTES:Direct quotes are rarely used in scientific writing. This means you must PARAPHRASE (rewritethe information in your own words). Please consider seeking help at the Writing Center if youneed help with choosing sources, paraphrasing, use of in-text citations, or any other aspect ofwriting. The only time direct quotes are used in scientific writing is when changing the quotewould change the meaning of the author’s words. In scientific writing there is a fair amount ofshared language. For example, how many ways can one describe, “add 500 microliters to thereaction tube?” or “the sample dialyzed for 30 minutes.” Please be sure to include an in-textcitation and reference for all materials that you have to look up. When in doubt, include an intextcitation and reference on the References Cited page.APA FORMATTING GUIDES:•https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.htmlREQUIRED SECTIONS OF LAB REPORT• Title page• Introduction• (Overview of) Material and methods• Results• Discussion• References citedAll sections should be labeled with their section (e.g. INTRODUCTION, RESULTS) except for thetitle page. Each section will be described below:TITLE PAGE:The Title page is on separate page from the Introduction. Type your title in upper andlowercase letters centered in the upper half of the page.• Title should be centered and in the upper half of the page asTitle here in sentence caseFor example,The effects of body position on electrocardiogram• The following information should be centered and in the bottom half of the page:Your nameDate (the due date)Professor’s name nameCourse name/SemesterThe title page should also contain a running head (abbreviated title). It is typed in upper caseletters and is located in the top header section of the page, aligned to the right side of thepaper. On the title page include the words, Running head: TITLE OF PAPER. Thereafter don’trepeat the words Running head; just the running head in all caps. Please note that on the titlepage, your page header/running head should look like this:Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLEPages after the title page should have a running head that looks like this:ABBREVIATED TITLEAPA recommends that your title be no more than 12 words in length and that it should notcontain abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two lines.All text on the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-spaced.INTRODUCTION:• Briefly introduce the subject of physiology.• Explain the significance of this project for you as a physiology student.• Provides sufficient background, leading to main objectives and hypothesis/hypotheses.METHODS:• This section should NOT be a detailed narrative of every step in your experimentalprocess but rather an overview of the general materials and methods. Reference the specific Lab Exercise and provide an overview of the experiment. Professor Thomford is the author of the Lab Exercises. For example:A solution of 0.5% starch, 10% glucose and 1.5% protein was placed inside a dialysis bag. The bag was placed in a dish of Lugol’s iodine (0.4% Iodine potassium iodide) solution for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the contents of the dialysis bag and the solution (environment) were observed for color changes (Lab exercise #, Author last name, year). A change in color to blue in the dialysis bag indicates that the Lugol’s iodine solution for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the contents of the dialysis bag and the solution (environment) were observed for color changes (Lab exercise #, Author last name, year). A change in color to blue in the dialysis bag indicates that the Lugol’s iodine penetrated the dialysis bag and reacted with glucose. It shows the presenceof glucose in a solution. The negative control for the experiment was a dialysis bagfiled with 0.5% starch and 1.5% protein, and the positive control was a bag filed with0.5% starch, 10% glucose and 1.5% protein. The experimental and control sampleswere tested under the same conditions. …• Summarize the purpose of the test, how it was done, and what a positive and negativecontrol result should look like. Reference the appropriate Lab Exercise, include in-textcitation(s) and reference(s) on References Cited page.RESULTS:• In paragraph format, describe your results.• Don’t interpret results; just state them.• Include results for positive and negative controls.• In addition to the written description of your results, present your data in table andgraph format.o Tables: Include a descriptive title centered over the top of the table.o Figures (this includes graphs): should have a title and figure caption below thefigure. The figure caption should very succinctly describe the results. Include alegend if necessary (blue = group 1, red = group 2,..)DISCUSSION:The Discussion section is used to explain and describe the results (in this order please):• The main goal of this experiment is to….• All the key results and steps used in your experiment should be included.• Next discuss the relevance of the experiment performed to an aspect of physiology. Forexample, relate the dialysis experiment (Lab 2) to digestion or exchange in the kidneys.• Follow the APA formatting for in text citations and the works cited page. See below.REFERENCES CITED:• Provide the complete in text citation and works cited for all sources referenced in thepaper in APA format. This includes the in text citations and references cited page at theend of your report.• References should appear in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name.• Provide a reference for all facts discussed in the introduction, methods and discussion.• Include reference to the appropriate Lab Exercise.APA IN-TEXT CITATION BASICSWhen using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that theauthor’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, forexample, (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the endof the paper.
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