02 Jan Byrne M, Agerbo E, Bennedsen B, Eaton W, Mortensen
Byrne M, Agerbo E, Bennedsen B, Eaton W, Mortensen P. Obstetric conditions and risk of first admission with schizophrenia: A Danish national register based study. Schizophrenia Research 2007; 97: 51-59.Critically appraise the above article by answering the following questions. You may use additional source material as you need to.QUESTION 1:Describe the evidence presented in the paper you selected. Specifically address the following questions: What was the exposure or intervention? What was the outcome? What was the study design? What was the study population? What were the main findings?Limit of 1 page. Please note: Only one page of text will be marked [20 marks]QUESTION 2:To what extent can the observed association between the exposure and outcome be attributed to non-causal explanations? This question relates to the internal validity of the study. Consider the following questions in your critique: Are the results likely to be affected by selection and/or measurement bias? Are the results likely to be affected by confounding? Are the results likely to be affected by chance variation?Limit of 2 pages. Please note: Only 2 pages of text will be marked [30 marks]QUESTION 3:Do you think there is evidence of a causal association between the exposure and the outcome? Consider the following questions in your critique: Is there a temporal relationship between exposure and outcome? Is there a strong relationship between the exposure and the outcome? Is there a dose-response relationship between exposure and the outcome? Are the results consistent within the study?Limit of 2 pages. Please note: Only 2 pages of text will be marked [30 marks]QUESTION 4:Do the findings accord with other evidence? Specifically: Are the findings consistent with other evidence, particularly evidence from studies of similar or more powerful study design? Are the results plausible in terms of a biological mechanism?Limit of 1 page. Please note: Only one page of text will be marked [10 marks]QUESTION 5:Are the findings externally valid, that is generalisable? Specifically: Can the findings be applied to the source population from which the study population was derived? Can the study results be applied to other relevant populations?Limit of 1 page. Please note: Only one page of text will be marked [10 marks]Readings that we have used throughout the semester:Essential epidemiology: an introduction for students and health professionals Penny Webb, Chris Bain 2011 (electronic resource) Chapters 6,7, 9, 9 & 10
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