10 Jun PHIL 109: Final Exam (Summer 2020)Hint: It is poss
PHIL 109: Final Exam (Summer 2020)Hint: It is possible to extract everything you need for the final exam from the first two paragraphs of the essay. However, you may be able to findother examples elsewhere in the essay that you find easier. Read the entire essay once through; then go back to it to find your preferred examples.Read the essay at the link, and then in one file answer the 20 questions below as your personal final exam:https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/campuspress.yale.edu/dist/7/272/files/2019/06/joint-review.pdfPart I: The First Action of the Mind (Conceptualization)1. Quote a sentence from the assigned essay in which a definition is given (citing the page number for yourquotation). Is your chosen example a real or nominal definition? If it is real, then is it logical, causal, ordescriptive? If it is logical, then distinguish both the genus and the essential difference. If it is causal, thendistinguish whether there are formal, final, material, or efficient causes involved. If it is descriptive, then statewhether it uses a property or an accident. [Review: see Lessons 1012]Part II: The Second Action of the Mind (Judgment)2. Quote a sentence from the assigned essay in which a universal affirmative Type A proposition is given(citing the page number for your quotation). Rewrite the proposition in your chosen example in standard form,distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters to define your terms.[Review: see Lessons 1417]3. For the Type A proposition in #2 above, state its contrary, its contradictory, and its subalternate (each instandard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters todefine your terms, and labelling each proposition Type as A, E, I, or O). [Review: see Lesson 18]4. If the Type A proposition in #2 above is FALSE, then state whether its contrary is TRUE, FALSE, orUNDETERMINED; state whether its contradictory is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED; and statewhether its subalternate is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED. [Review: see Lesson 18]5. Quote a sentence from the assigned essay in which a universal negative Type E proposition is given (citingthe page number for your quotation). Rewrite the proposition in your chosen example in standard form,distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters to define your terms.[Review: see Lessons 1417]6. For the Type E proposition in #5 above, state: its contrary; its contradictory; and its subalternate (each instandard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters todefine your terms, and labelling each proposition Type as A, E, I, or O). [Review: see Lesson 18]7. If the Type E proposition in #5 above is FALSE, then state: whether its contrary is TRUE, FALSE, orUNDETERMINED; state whether its contradictory is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED; and statewhether its subalternate is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED. [Review: see Lesson 18]8. Quote a sentence from the assigned essay in which a particular affirmative Type I proposition is given(citing the page number for your quotation). Rewrite the proposition in your chosen example in standard form,distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters to define your terms.[Review: see Lessons 1417]9. For the Type I proposition in #8 above, state: its subcontrary; its contradictory; and its subimplicate (each instandard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters todefine your terms, and labelling each proposition Type as A, E, I, or O). [Review: see Lesson 18]10. If the Type I proposition in #5 above is TRUE, then state: whether its contrary is TRUE, FALSE, orUNDETERMINED; state whether its contradictory is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED; and statewhether its subalternate is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED. [Review: see Lesson 18]11. Quote a sentence from the assigned essay in which a particular negative Type O proposition is given (citingthe page number for your quotation). Rewrite the proposition in your chosen example in standard form,PHIL 109: Final Exam (Summer 2020)Hint: It is possible to extract everything you need for the final exam from the first two paragraphs of the essay. However, you may be able to findother examples elsewhere in the essay that you find easier. Read the entire essay once through; then go back to it to find your preferred examples.distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters to define your terms.[Review: see Lessons 1417]12. For the Type O proposition in #8 above, state: its subcontrary; its contradictory; and its subimplicate (eachin standard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using single uppercase letters todefine your terms, and labelling each proposition Type as A, E, I, or O). [Review: see Lesson 18]13. If the Type O proposition in #5 above is TRUE, then state: whether its contrary is TRUE, FALSE, orUNDETERMINED; state whether its contradictory is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED; and statewhether its subalternate is TRUE, FALSE, or UNDETERMINED. [Review: see Lesson 18]14. Write the inverse of the proposition in #2 above. Show all the steps involved in the inference. Write allpropositions in standard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using singleuppercase letters to define your terms. [Review: see Lessons 1920]15. Write the inverse of the proposition in #5 above. Show all the steps involved in the inference. Write allpropositions in standard form, distinguishing the subject term from the predicate term by using singleuppercase letters to define your terms. [Review: see Lessons 1920]Part III: The Third Action of the Mind (Argument)16. Quote a passage from the assigned essay in which you find a syllogism, an enthymeme, or an epicheirema(citing the page number for your quotation). Choose only one argument type. Rewrite each proposition in yourchosen example in standard form, distinguishing the conclusion’s subject term from the conclusion’s predicateterm, as well as the middle term(s), by using single uppercase letters to define your terms, and labelling eachproposition Type as A, E, I, or O. Use square brackets to enclose any unspoken premises assumed inenthymematic reasoning, if applicable. [Review: see Lessons 2428]17. Analyze the argument in #16 above by checking it for validity and then stating whether it is VALID orINVALID. Prove your answer by drawing a Venn diagram for the argument, labeling it according to youranalysis in #16 above. If the argument is INVALID, state each one of the four rules which the argumentviolates. If the argument is VALID, state whether or not it is SOUND, and why. [Review: see Lessons 2527]18. Quote another passage from the assigned essay (different from your example in #16) in which you find asyllogism, an enthymeme, or an epicheirema (citing the page number for your quotation). Choose only one.Rewrite each proposition in your chosen example in standard form, distinguishing the conclusion’s subjectterm from the conclusion’s predicate term, as well as the middle term(s), by using single uppercase letters todefine your terms, and labelling each proposition Type as A, E, I, or O. Use square brackets to enclose anyunspoken premises assumed in enthymematic reasoning, if applicable. If you wish, instead of citing anotherpassage, you can paraphrase what you discern the main argument of the entire essay to be, by stating yourinterpretation as a syllogism, enthymeme, or epicheirema, and then formalizing that argument according to thepreceding symbolization instructions for #18. [Review: see Lessons 2428]19. Analyze the argument in #18 above by checking it for validity and then stating whether it is VALID orINVALID. Prove your answer by drawing a Venn diagram for the argument, labeling it according to youranalysis in #18 above. If the argument is INVALID, state each one of the four rules which the argumentviolates. If the argument is VALID, state whether or not it is SOUND, and why. [Review: see Lessons 2527]20. Quote a passage from the assigned essay in which you find a modus ponens argument, a modus tollensargument, a denying the antecedent fallacy, an affirming the consequent fallacy, a sorites, a hypotheticalsyllogism, a conjunctive syllogism, a disjunctive syllogism, a constructive dilemma, a destructive dilemma, ora reductio ad absurdum argument (citing the page number for your quotation). Choose only one argumenttype. Symbolize your chosen argument by using the techniques you learned in this course. State whether yourchosen argument is VALID or INVALID. Is it also SOUND? [Review: see Lessons 2122, 3031, and 33]
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