A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?

Week 1 quiz

Question 1

A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?

Question 2

What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.

Question 3

Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:

Question 4

A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

Question 5

An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?

Question 6

A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?

Question 7

What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?

Question 8

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Question 9

Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males?

Question 10

A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?

Question 11

The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

Question 12

When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.

Question 13

In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?

Question 14

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

Question 15

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

Question 16

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell’s endoplasmic reticulum results in:

Question 17

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of:

Question 18

During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.

Question 19

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

Question 20

A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?

Question 21

A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?

Question 22

After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).

Question 23

A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?

Question 24

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

Question 25

What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

Week 2 quiz

Question 1

A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

Question 2

A 4-month-old female is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD). Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse will most likely support this diagnosis?

Question 3

A patient has chicken pox. How does the varicella replicate?

Question 4

A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

Question 5

When bacterial pathogens enter a patient’s body, they can defend themselves from an immune response by:

Question 6

In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon, which is manifested by:

Question 7

When trying to distinguish between an infectious disease and noninfectious disease, what is the hallmark symptom for most infectious diseases?

Question 8

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

Question 9

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:

Question 10

A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The treatment option for this disease is termed:

Question 11

A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?

Question 12

A 4-month-old female develops white spots and shallow ulcers in her mouth. Her pediatrician diagnoses her with thrush. This condition is caused by:

Question 13

The pathophysiology student would correctly identify the etiologic agent of smallpox as:

Question 14

Copy of A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The treatment option for this disease is termed:

Question 15

For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition?

Question 16

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Question 17

An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. Which of the following is deficient in this child?

Question 18

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Question 19

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

Question 20

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, “goose bumps,” and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?

Question 21

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:

Question 22

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

Question 23

After teaching about stress, which information indicates a correct understanding of stress?

Question 24

0 out of 1 points

While planning care, a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

Question 25

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

Question 26

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

Question 27

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

Question 28

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

Question 29

A 3-year-old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes. The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?

Question 30

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

Question 31

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:

Question 32

A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Question 33

A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing. History reveals that both of the child’s parents suffer from allergies. Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?

Question 34

A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Question 35

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting?

Question 36

When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the nurse expect?

Question 37

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

Question 38

A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.

Question 39

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma?

Question 40

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Week 3 quiz

Question 1

When a patient has a peculiar sensation that immediately precedes a seizure, what term should the nurse use to describe this sensation?

Question 2

An older adult is admitted to the ER following a fall. The patient complains of pain in the back. The patient has a history of osteoporosis. The nurse would expect the patient’s injury and subsequent pain is most likely due to:

Question 3

A 50-year-old male suffers a severe head injury when his motorcycle hits a tree. His breathing becomes deep and rapid but with normal pattern. What term should the nurse use for this condition?

Question 4

When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated?

Question 5

A nurse should document on the chart that chronic pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than:

Question 6

A 33-year-old male is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals an injury of the cervical cord. Cord swelling in this region may be life threatening because:

Question 7

An initial assessment finding associated with acute spinal cord injury is _____ the injury.

Question 8

A teenage boy sustains a severe closed head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. He is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye opening. How should the nurse document this in the chart?

Question 9

A 40-year-old male complains of uncontrolled excessive movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes. He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms that eventually affect the entire body. The most likely diagnosis is:

Question 10

Which system modulates a patient’s perception of pain?

Question 11

A 15-year-old male is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals spinal cord injury, and his body temperature fluctuates markedly. The most accurate explanation of this phenomenon is that:

Question 12

When planning care for a child in pain, which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults.

Question 13

A nurse thinks a patient may be experiencing dementia. Which assessment finding will most help support this diagnosis?

Question 14

A patient has memory loss of events that occurred before a head injury. What cognitive disorder does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Question 15

A 16-year-old male took a recreational drug that altered his level of arousal. Physical exam revealed a negative Babinski sign, equal and reactive pupils, and roving eye movements. Which of the following diagnosis will the nurse most likely see on the chart?

Question 16

A child presents to his primary care provider with disorientation, delirium, aggressiveness, and stupor. His parents report that he was recently ill with an upper respiratory infection, which they treated with aspirin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Question 17

A 23-year-old female begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patient’s body?

Question 18

A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 24 hours and resolve with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n):

Question 19

A patient with an addiction to alcohol checked into a rehabilitation center. He experiences delirium, inability to concentrate, and is easily distracted. From which of the following is he most likely suffering?

Question 20

A 20-year-old male was at the supermarket when he fell to the ground. Bystanders reported that he lost consciousness and his body tensed up then relaxed, then tensed and relaxed several times. He most likely was experiencing a(n):

Question 21

Parents of a 3-month-old infant bring him to the emergency room (ER) after he has had a seizure. He has muscle rigidity, and the parents report they are of Jewish ancestry. For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

Question 22

Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?

Question 23

A 30-year-old female had a seizure that started with her fingers and progressively spread up her arm and then extended to her leg, with no loss of consciousness. How should the nurse chart this?

Question 24

A 15-month-old child from Pennsylvania was brought to the ER for fever, seizure activity, cranial palsies, and paralysis. Which of the following diagnosis will be documented in the chart?

Question 25

A 15-year-old male was struck by a motor vehicle and suffered a traumatic brain injury. Paramedics found him unconscious at the scene of the accident. During the ambulance ride, he regained consciousness and was able to maintain a conversation with the medical staff. Upon arrival to hospital, he was alert and oriented. Physical exam reveals confusion and impaired responsiveness. What is the probable nature of his brain injury based on this history?

Week 4 quiz

Question 1

A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in this patient?

Question 2

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Question 3

A 52-year-old male presents with pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities and edema. The diagnosis is chronic venous insufficiency, and an expected assessment finding of this disorder is:

Question 4

A 35-year-old male presents with pulmonary hypertension. Testing reveals he is in right heart failure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will see listed on the chart?

Question 5

A 50-year-old male visits the cardiologist for an EKG. Results indicate that he has no PR interval and a variable QRS rate with rhythm irregularity. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis to be recorded on the chart?

Question 6

A 68-year-old female is experiencing left heart failure. Physical exam reveals elevated blood pressure. The nurse understands this is most likely caused by:

Question 7

A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He has no other health problems. Present treatment would cause the nurse to anticipate administering which drug to the patient?

Question 8

When a patient has a massive pulmonary embolism (PE), what complications will the nurse monitor for?

Question 9

A 5-year-old female is found to have hypertension during three separate visits to her primary care provider. The nurse would expect tests to suggest that the hypertension is secondary to:

Question 10

A 50-year-old female presents with a low heart rate and low blood pressure. She is given an intravenous (IV) infusion of fluids. The increase in atrial distension results in:

Question 11

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with left bundle branch block. Which of the following structures would not receive an electrical impulse?

Question 12

A 28-year-old female presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath. She is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, which most likely originated from the:

Question 13

A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with bronchogenic cancer. He developed edema and venous distention in the upper extremities and face. Which of the following diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

Question 14

A 30-year-old Caucasian female was recently diagnosed with primary hypertension. She reports that she eats fairly well, usually having red meat and potatoes daily. She also reports that her father has hypertension as well. A nurse determines which of the following risk factors is most likely associated with this diagnosis?

Question 15

A 50-year-old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

Question 16

A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures should the nurse assess for in this patient?

Question 17

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm. Where does the nurse suspect the cerebral aneurysm is located?

Question 18

When a nurse checks the patient for orthostatic hypotension, what did the nurse have the patient do?

Question 19

Most cases of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and are documented on the chart as _____ hypertension.

Question 20

A 32-year-old female presents with lower leg pain, with swelling and redness. While obtaining the patient’s history, which finding could have caused her condition?

Question 21

A 75-year-old female has been critically ill with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) for longer than a week and has developed a severe oxygen supply and demand imbalance. The statement that best describes this imbalance is which of the following?

Question 22

A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by:

Question 23

Which condition should cause the nurse to assess for high-output failure in a patient?

Question 24

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment?

Question 25

What term should the nurse document for a detached blood clot?

Question 26

A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?

Question 27

An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension. Her body’s compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and movement of large volumes of interstitial fluid to the vascular compartment. What kind of shock does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Question 28

A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:

Question 29

Which of the following findings in the patient with Raynaud disease would indicate a need for further teaching?

Question 30 A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the patient change?

Week 5 quiz

Question 1

A nurse is teaching a patient about anaphylactic shock. Which information should the nurse include? The onset of anaphylactic shock is usually:

Question 2

A nurse is planning care for a patient in shock. Which principle should the nurse remember? During shock states, glucose uptake is usually:

Question 3

A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of assessment findings would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit?

Question 4

A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nose bleeds. He is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. While planning care, which characteristic changes should the nurse remember?

Question 5

While planning care, the nurse remembers which principle? In valvular _____, the valve opening is constricted and narrowed because the valve leaflets, or cusps, fail to open completely.

Question 6

Which of the following lab tests will the nurse check to help diagnose heart failure and provide insight into its severity?

Question 7

When a patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and dyspnea, which principle should the nurse remember? Pulmonary symptoms, common to left heart failure, are a result of:

Question 8

A 55-year-old male died of a myocardial infarction. Autopsy would most likely reveal:

Question 9

A 28-year-old female presents to the ER reporting severe chest pain that worsens with respirations or lying down. She has a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub. Based upon the assessment findings, the nurse determines the patient is experiencing:

Question 10

A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider with fever, cardiac murmur, and petechial skin lesions. She is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. When the patient wants to know what caused the disease, what is the nurse’s best response? The most likely cause of the disease is:

Question 11

An infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect. Tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum. What term would the nurse use to describe this defect?

Question 12

A 15-year-old male who is allergic to peanuts eats a peanut butter cup. He then goes into anaphylactic shock. Which assessment findings will the nurse assess for?

Question 13

A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check. Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which of the following would be expected with this diagnosis?

Question 14

For an infection to progress to septic shock, which of the following factors should the nurse determine occurred?

Question 15

A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

Question 16

Upon assessment of the patient, the nurse finds a widened pulse pressure and throbbing peripheral pulses. Which valve disorder does the nurse suspect?

Question 17

A nurse is explaining the function of the heart. Which is a correct response by the nurse? A function of the pericardium is to:

Question 18

A nurse recalls the most common cardiac valve disease in the United States, which tends to be most prevalent in young women, is:

Question 19

A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred?

Question 20

A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:

Question 21

A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion. He is diagnosed with angina pectoris. When he asks what causes the pain, how should the nurse respond? The pain occurs when:

Question 22

A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA) with a ventricular septal defect. Which of the following would the nurse also expect?

Question 23

A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis?

Question 24

A 20-year-old male underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in papillary muscles. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

Question 25

When a patient asks the nurse what is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia, which statement is the correct response? The most common cause of myocardial ischemia is:

Week 6 quiz

Question 1

A 6-month-old female presents with rhinorrhea, cough, poor feeding, lethargy, and fever. She is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?

Question 2

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When a staff member asks why the patient’s airways are obstructed, how should the nurse respond? The airways are obstructed because of:

Question 3

A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following findings is most likely to cause this condition?

Question 4

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?

Question 5

If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated?

Question 6

A nurse recalls asthma is classified by:

Question 7

A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation. When reviewing the lab results, which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated?

Question 8

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When the nurse is asked what causes this, what is the nurse’s best response? Changes in his lungs are caused by:

Question 9

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor?

Question 10

A 50-year-old male presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Question 11

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to:

Question 12

A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication?

Question 13

A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume. He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient’s history, which finding is the most probable cause of his illness?

Question 14

A 22-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. While planning care, a nurse recalls this condition is most likely caused by:

Question 15

A 45-year-old male undergoes lung transplantation. He now suffers from airway occlusion secondary to fibrosis. Which diagnosis will the nurse see on the chart?

Question 16

A 20-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Question 17

A 47-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary edema. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe?

Question 18

An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and develops a fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart?

Question 19

A 30-year-old female received a severe head injury in a motor vehicle accident. She is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea. What term should the nurse use when charting this condition?

Question 20

Which patient would the nurse assess for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)? A patient with:

Question 21

A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation at his job. Which of the following should the nurse realize had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer?

Question 22

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as part of an asthmatic attack?

Question 23

A 60-year-old female with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:

Question 24

An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough. She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Question 25

A 28-year-old male reports to his primary care provider that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

Week 7 quiz

Question 1

A 52-year-old male IV drug user was diagnosed with hepatitis C 5 years ago. He is now experiencing impaired blood clotting. The nurse suspects a decrease in which of the following vitamins?

Question 2

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia. Which of the following anemias does the nurse suspect the patient has?

Question 3

For a patient experiencing hypersplenism, the nurse expects the erythrocytes to be:

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a patient who cannot clot. Which end product of the clotting cascade is this patient unable to make?

Question 5

A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with macrocytic, normochromic anemia. The nurse suspects the most likely cause of this condition is:

Question 6

A 62-year-old female tells her health care provider she has been experiencing regular night sweats that cause her to wake up drenched. She also remarks that she has been unintentionally losing weight. Physical exam reveals enlarged lymph nodes on her neck that do not appear to be painful. She should be screened for which of the following cancers?

Question 7

A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:

Question 8

A 60-year-old female emphysema patient experiences a rapid and pounding heart, dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which of the following respiratory assessment findings indicate the respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand?

Question 9

A hematologist is discussing hematopoiesis. Which information should be included? ________ participate in hematopoiesis.

Question 10

While checking lab results, the nurse remembers the normal leukocyte count is:

Question 11

A 65-year-old male experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin, liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue shortly before his death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, and the cause of death would most likely reveal:

Question 12

A 34-year-old male presents in the emergency room with extreme fatigue and shortness of breath. His skin and sclera appear to have a yellowish discoloration. These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia?

Question 13

The people from which country have the lowest risk for Hodgkin lymphoma?

Question 14

After initial compensation, what hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a patient who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes?

Question 15

Thrombocytopenia may be:

Question 16

A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar?

Question 17

A nurse monitors for the most common childhood cancer, which is:

Question 18

A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect?

Question 19

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following types of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart?

Question 20

A staff member wants to know where the greatest proportion of iron is located. How should the nurse respond? The greatest proportion of total body iron is located in the:

Question 21

A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A nurse recalls the primary cause of her anemia is:

Question 22

During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes enlarge and become tender because:

Question 23

How should the nurse prepare a patient who is to receive a Schilling test for pernicious anemia?

Question 24

A 5-year-old female is diagnosed with acute leukemia. The nurse will most likely treat this patient with:

Question 25

A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to decrease thyroid activity. A nurse monitors for which of the following conditions that could result secondary to the treatment?

Week 8 quiz

Question 1

A 40-year-old female presents complaining of pain near the midline in the epigastrium. Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:

Question 2

An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?

Question 3

In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:

Question 4

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?

Question 5

Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:

Question 6

A 27-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?

Question 7

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

Question 8

A 40-year-old male develops an intestinal obstruction related to protrusion of the intestine through the inguinal ring. This condition is referred to as:

Question 9

A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is:

Question 10

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?

Question 11

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?

Question 12

The primary complication of enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung disease is related to which finding?

Question 13

The most common cause of chronic vascular insufficiency among the elderly is:

Question 14

The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.

Question 15

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:

Question 16

The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is:

Question 17

A 55-year-old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy revealed an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. The most likely cause of his condition is:

Question 18

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

Question 19

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:

Question 20

A 3-month-old female develops colicky pain, abdominal distention, and diarrhea after drinking cow’s milk. The best explanation for her symptoms is:

Question 21

A 55-year-old female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the:

Question 22

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:

Question 23

For the patient experiencing esophageal reflux, the nurse would expect which sphincter to be malfunctioning?

Question 24

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:

Question 25

A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of “currant jelly” stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:

Week 9 quiz

Question 1

A patient wants to know what can cause ACTH to be released. How should the nurse respond?

Question 2

A student asks the instructor which of the following is the most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid. How should the instructor respond?

Question 3

A patient has researched lipid-soluble hormones on the Internet. Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? Lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane by:

Question 4

A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production. Which of the following would accompany this condition?

Question 5

A 40-year-old male undergoes surgery for a PTH-secreting tumor in which the parathyroid is removed. Which of the following would the nurse expect following surgery?

Question 6

A 35-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. While the nurse is reviewing the lab tests, which results would the nurse expect to find?

Question 7

A 12-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which of the following tests should the nurse prepare the patient to best confirm the diagnosis?

Question 8

A 25-year-old male presents with fatigue, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Tests reveal all pituitary hormones are normal and no masses are present. The nurse suspects the most likely cause of his symptoms is a dysfunction in the:

Question 9

While planning care for a patient from general anesthesia, which principle should the nurse remember? A side effect of some general anesthetic agents is _____ diabetes insipidus.

Question 10

When insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells occurs. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

Question 11

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH share which of the following assessment manifestations?

Question 12

An endocrinologist isolated a new hormone and found it to be a water-soluble amine. Which of the following is most like this new hormone?

Question 13

A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be expected in this patient?

Question 14

A patient wants to know why ADH is important in the body. What is the nurse’s best response? ADH is important in:

Question 15

A 35-year-old female took corticosteroid therapy for several months. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?

Question 16

If the patient has a problem with the pineal gland, which substance would the nurse monitor?

Question 17

A 50-year-old male patient presents with polyuria and extreme thirst. He was given exogenous ADH. For which of the following conditions would this treatment be effective?

Question 18

While planning care for a patient with hypothyroidism, which principle should the nurse remember? The basal metabolic rate is unusually _____ with hypothyroidism.

Question 19

If a patient’s posterior pituitary is removed, which hormone would the nurse expect to decrease?

Question 20

An aide asks the nurse what is the most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. How should the nurse respond?

Question 21

What common neurologic disturbances should the nurse assess for in a patient with a pituitary adenoma?

Question 22

A 50-year-old female presents with lightheadedness and overall abnormal feelings. Hyperaldosteronism is diagnosed. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect?

Question 23

A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the “flu” for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state?

Question 24

A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting changes in facial features. CT scan reveals a mass on the anterior pituitary, and lab tests reveal severely elevated growth hormone (GH). Which of the following would the nurse also expect to find?

Question 25

A nurse recalls insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?

Week 10 quiz

Question 1

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

Question 2

A nurse is preparing to teach about the loop of Henle. Which information should be included? The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

Question 3

A nurse is describing the trigone. Which information should be included? The trigone is defined as:

Question 4

When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:

Question 5

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:

Question 6

A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Question 7

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:

Question 8

A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Question 9

A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?

Question 10

If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?

Question 11

While planning care for a patient who has acute pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:

Question 12

When a nurse is preparing to teach about urine, which information should the nurse include? Just before entering the ureter, urine passes through the:

Question 13

When a patient’s renal system secretes rennin, what effect will that cause in the body? It causes the direct activation of:

Question 14

Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

Question 15

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

Question 16

A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial medication treatment?

Question 17

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:

Question 18

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

Question 19

A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?

Question 20

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Question 21

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

Question 22

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:

Question 23

A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?

Question 24

The urologist is teaching about the nephrons that determine the concentration of the urine. The urologist is discussing the _____ nephrons.

Question 25

A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:

Week 11 quiz

Question 1

A syndrome often associated with cystocele is:

Question 2

A student asks the instructor which of the following hormones stimulates follicular maturation. How should the instructor respond?

Question 3

A nurse is teaching the staff about female hormones. Which hormone promotes the formation of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into the uterus?

Question 4

A 38-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cancer. She learns that her mother almost miscarried while pregnant with her and was given diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent it. Which of the following cancers does she most likely have?

Question 5

A 21-year-old female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers?

Question 6

A 68-year-old male presents complaining of difficulty having sexual intercourse. He reports that his penis curves during erection. This condition is referred to as:

Question 7

A 21-year-old male presents with inflammation of the testes. He has a high fever and edema and redness of the testes. Which organism is the most likely the cause of his symptoms?

Question 8

An important risk factor in the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is:

Question 9

The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be:

Question 10

Cryptorchidism can be defined as:

Question 11

Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to symptoms of:

Question 12

A patient asks the nurse what is the most sensitive area of the penis. What is the nurse’s best answer? The area of the penis with the most nerve endings is the:

Question 13

When a patient who is trying to get pregnant asks where the usual site of fertilization is, how should the nurse respond? The:

Question 14

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with endometriosis. Suppressing which of the following would be the most appropriate medical treatment for this disease?

Question 15

_____ is inflammation of the glans penis.

Question 16

Progesterone is often referred to as “the hormone of pregnancy,” and the patient asks what this phrase means. How should the nurse respond? Progesterone is the hormone of pregnancy because it:

Question 17

What term should the nurse use when discussing male sex hormones collectively?

Question 18

When a staff member asks the nurse what is the most potent of the following estrogens, what is the nurse’s best response? It is:

Question 19

While preparing to teach the staff about female anatomy, which information should be included? During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina mucosa is protected from infection by:

Question 20

0 out of 1 points

The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer.

Question 21

A 30-year-old male presents with penile tenderness and discharge. Physical examination reveals that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. He is suffering from:

Question 22

Changes in the cervical mucus can be used to identify the periods in which a female is most fertile. How should the nurse describe cervical mucus during ovulation?

Question 23

A nurse is discussing female anatomy. Which body structure contains the openings to the vagina and urinary meatus?

Question 24

A middle-aged male speaks to his physician about benign BPH. He reveals that his father was recently diagnosed with this condition, and he wants to know if he could have it. The physician tells him that a common complaint from men with mild to moderate BPH is:

Question 25

A 40-year-old female presents with cramping and excessive vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound reveals benign uterine tumors in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. These tumors are commonly called:

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