07 Jan Advanced Pharmacology
PHARMACOLOGY WK 5 DISCUSSION RESPONSE QUESTION (PLS ASSIGN TO WRITER FOR PREVIOUS ORDER # 44457) THANKS.
Read the following discussion response below and write 1 page respond on Type 2 DM
• Providing recommendations for alternative drug treatment for Type 2 Diabetes.
• Provide patient education strategies for treatment and management for Type 2 Diabetes.
• Support your response by at least two scholarly sources within the last 5 years. (1 from learning resources and 1 or 2 from outside source
• GRADING RUBRIC.
• Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.
• Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources within the last five years.
• Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.
• Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. .
• Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.
DISCUSSION BY CH.
Differences
Type 1 Diabetes, which used to be referred to as ‘juvenile diabetes’ abruptly develops during childhood or adolescence and rarely in adulthood. The key factor is that Type 1 Diabetes has an autoimmune element that destroys the body’s pancreatic beta cells. This causes the body to produce low to no insulin. Type 2 Diabetes is more of a lifestyle or genetic disease as opposed to an autoimmune disease. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is either due to low insulin production or impaired insulin absorption in the body. Gestational diabetes can be defined as diabetes that develops with pregnancy and abruptly disappears after delivery. Gestational diabetes results from insulin resistance that is caused by the hormones produced by the expecting mother. This form of diabetes can be detrimental to the mother and unborn child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018).
Drug Choice
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug that can reduce the progression of diabetes. This medication is only used for Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, not type 1. One of the reasons it is not used for Type 1 diabetes is because Metformin is not approved for anyone under the age of 10 years old, and some forms are not approved for individuals under the age of 18 (Sinha, 2018). This medication is typically used in combination with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. Metformin can be given in one of three ways, which include liquid, tablet, or extended-release (2019). This medication cannot be crushed, chewed, or broken. Store the medication at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light and take metformin with meals (Sinha, 2018). If taking the liquid form, be sure to use the dosing syringe provided with the medication.
Dietary Considerations
Alcohol should not be ingested while taking Metformin due to the chance of lactic acidosis. If taking any vitamins or herbal supplements, notify your doctor prior to combining them with metformin as they can cause an adverse reaction. Follow all diet and exercise regimens prescribed by your healthcare provider and be sure to eat a healthy diet. These diet restrictions should consist of including carbohydrates that come from vegetables, fruits and whole grains, avoid foods that are high in saturated and trans-fat, consuming around 30mg of fiber daily, and avoid sodium (Seladi-Schulman, 2018).
Short term and Long term effects
The only definitive risk of Metformin is that it can cause anemia due to the interference it causes with the absorption of Vitamin B12. It is recommended to take B12 while taking metformin to decrease this risk. There is a suggestion that metformin causes nerve damage and dementia but it is not definitive if it from the actual medication or from the disease itself. Metformin is thought to be safe and effective for Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetics. This medication also helps to decrease or slow the risk of cardiovascular events and all negative effects brought on by the diabetes disease itself, such as vision impairments, kidney function, and nerve pain.
References
Metformin: MedlinePlus Drug Information. (2019). Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html.
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Seladi-Schulman, J. (2018, September 29). Grapefruit and Metformin: Is It Safe? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/grapefruit-and-metformin#other-things-to-avoid.
Sinha, S. (2018, December 6). Metformin: Side Effects, Dosage & Uses. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html.
PHARMACOLOGY WK 5 LEARNING RESOURCES
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
- Chapter 46, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 485–509)
- Chapter 47, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 511–520)
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