All amino acids are called essential amino acids

11 Jun All amino acids are called essential amino acids

Question

1. All amino acids are called essential amino acids because they are found in all body proteins.

a. true

b. false

2. Which of the following is true?

a. cis bonds are created during the hydrogenation process in the manufacturing process to convert vegetable oils into semisolid fats

b. trans bonds are created during the hydrogenation process in the manufacturing process to convert vegetable oils into semisolid fats

3. Which of the following isnot true?

a. eicosanoids derived for omega-6 fatty acids are known to increase, immune response, and inflammation

b. eicosanoids derived for omega-3 fatty acids are known to have heart-healthy effects

c. omega-6 fatty acids are nonessential fatty acids

d. omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids

e. more than one of these

4. Which of the following plant-based foods significantly impair the absorption of calcium?

a. beets

b. cashews

c. spinach

d. rhubarb

e. more than one of these

5. Any condition in which estrogen levels are reduced throughout a woman’s increases BMD (bone mineral density).

a. true

b. false

6. Which of the following is not true?

a. up to three percent of bone density is lost annually during menopause

b. the loss of bone tissue in menopausal women lasts for a period of five to ten years

c. the rapid decline in estrogen levels that occurs during menopause speeds up the bone resorptive (breakdown of bone) process

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

7. Which of the following is not true?

a. physical inactivity lowers peak bone mass, and decreases BMD at all ages

b. weight-bearing exercise puts mechanical stress on bones and therefore increases bone quality

c. being underweight significantly decreases the risk for osteoporosis

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

8. Which of the following is true?

a. parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin act in a concert to increase calcium levels in the blood

b. parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol act in a concert to decrease calcium levels in the blood

c. calcitonin is secreted by certain cells in the thyroid gland in response to high calcium levels in the blood

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

9. Naturally occurring fatty acids usually have a trans configuration.

a. true

b. false

10. A serving of tofu (firm, prepared with nigarib) contains more calcium (mg) than a serving of sardines

(Atlantic, in oil, drained).

a. true

b. false

11. The calcium in kale, Brussels sprouts, and boy choy is not absorbed by the body as well as the calcium in dairy products.

a. true

b. false

12. Which of the following is true?

a. the gastrointestinal tract (GI) can only handle 250 mg of calcium at one time so it is recommended that you split doses of calcium supplements rather than taking a few all at once to get the calcium

b. the gastrointestinal tract (GI) can only handle 500 mg of calcium at one time so it is recommended that you split doses of calcium supplements rather than taking a few all at once to get the calcium

c. the gastrointestinal tract (GI) can only handle 1000 mg of calcium at one time so it is recommended that you split doses of calcium supplements rather than taking a few all at once to get the calcium

13. Vitamin D and calcium are the only nutrients you need to have healthy bones.

a. true

b. false

14. Which of the following is true?

a. the University of Maryland Medical Center reports that omega-3 fatty acids promote lower total cholesterol in people with high cholesterol

b. the University of Maryland Medical Center reports that omega-3 fatty acids promote lower triacylglycerols in people with high cholesterol

c. more than one of these

d. none of these

15 An antioxidant is any molecule that can block free radicals from stealing electrons and antioxidants act both inside and outside of cells.

a. true

b. false

16 Which of the following is an antioxidant chemical that the body synthesizes?

a. uric acid

b. glutathione

c. more than one of these

d. none of these

17 There is good scientific evidence that vitamin C prevents you from getting a cold.

a. true

b. false

18. The health claims of drinking black, green, or red tea remain mostly scientifically unsupported.

a. true

b. false

19 When manganese, iron, and copper are in excess amounts in the body, they actually accelerate the production of free radicals.

a. true

b. false

20 Heath claims of antioxidant supplements are backed by scientific evidence and there is no evidence suggesting they cause harm.

a. true

b. false

21 The World Health Organization’s Global Strategies on Diet, Physical Activity, and Health (2011) estimate that, overall, 2.7 million deaths could be avoided annually by increasing the intake of antioxidant vitamin supplements.

a. true

b. false

22 The recommendations for the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids is 5:1 to 10:1.

a. true

b. false

23 Which of the following is an omega-6 fatty acid?

a. linolenic acid

b. linoleic acid

24 Which of the following is not true for a review of forty-nine observational studies published in the May 2011 issue of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review?

a. the review concludes that higher selenium exposure reduces overall cancer incidence by about 34% in men and 10% in women

b. the review notes that these studies had several limitations, including data quality, bias, and large differences among the different studies

c. the review states that there is no convincing evidence from six clinical trials that selenium supplements reduce cancer risk

d. the review states that there is also convincing evidence from six clinical trials that selenium supplements reduce cancer risk

e. none of these

25 Which of the following isnot true for phytochemicals?

a. anthocyanidins are flavonoids found in red, blue and purple berries

b. garlic is a good source of organosulfur compounds

c. there is convincing evidence that lignans in whole grains reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease

d. teas, chocolate, berries, apples, yellow onions, kale and broccoli are sources of flavanols

e. none of these

26 Which of the following isnot true?

a. the bioavailability of carotenoids is actually increased by the cooking process

b. there is some evidence that diets rich in lycopene (found in high concentrations in tomatoes) are linked to decreased prostate cancer

c. in general, it is best to chop and lightly steam vegetables containing carotenoids to maximize their bioavailability from foods

d. eating raw tomatoes freshly picked from a tomato plant provides more lycopene than eating an equivalent amount of canned tomatoes

e. it is not known if it is lycopene specifically or some other component in tomatoes that protects against prostate cancer

27. Which of the following is not true?

a. lutein is found in green leafy vegetables acts as an antioxidant that protects the retina of the eye from ultraviolet light damage

b. a review in the August 2010 issue of Current Medical research and Opinion concludes that supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin does not reduce the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts

c. zeaxanthin is found in peppers, corn, and saffron acts as an antioxidant that protects the retina of the eye from ultraviolet light damage

d. carotenoids are pigments synthesized by plants that give them their yellow, orange, and red color

more than one of these

28 Which of the following isnot true?

a. vitamin C is not stored in any significant amount in the body

b. citrus fruits are great sources of vitamin C

c. once vitamin C has reduced a free radical, it is effectively regenerated and therefore t can exist in the body as a functioning antioxidant for many weeks

d. only a small amount of vitamin C is lost from foods during boiling

e. none of these

29 Which of the following is not true?

a. LDLs carry cholesterol into cells for normal usage

b. HDLs scavenge excess cholesterol from the cell, tissues, and blood vessels

c. HDLs deposit cholesterol into the walls of blood vessels, which can lead to harmful disease

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

30 Which of the following vitamin isnot an antioxidant?

a. vitamin A

b. vitamin C

c. vitamin E

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

31 High LDL values indicate a reduced risk for heart disease.

a. true

b. false

Part II: Questions 61 – 65. Use Learning Resource (Week 3) Vegetarian Diets by Colorado State University.

32 Approximately 2.3% of the population in the United States are vegetarian.

a. true

b. false

33 Which of the following is not true for vegans?

a. vegans eatfruits, vegetables, legumes (dried beans, peas, and lentils)

b. vegans eat grains, seeds, and nuts

c. vegans are also known as total vegetarians

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

34 Which of the following is true?

a. most vegetarians in the United States are semi-vegetarians

b. most vegetarians in the United States are vegans

c. most vegetarians in the United States are lacto vegetarians

d. most vegetarians in the United States are lacto-ovo vegetarians

35. Which of the following is true according to theAcademy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

a. vegetarian diets have been associated with lower levels of obesity (body mass index)

b. lower LDL cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, and lower rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer, have been shown in vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians

c. vegetarian diets have been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and a lower total mortality

d. more than one of these

e. none of these

36. Which of the following isnot true?

a. lacto vegetarians eatfruits, vegetables, legumes (dried beans, peas, and lentils)

b. lacto vegetarians eat cheese

c. lacto vegetarians drink dairy milk

d. lacto vegetarians eat eggs

e. none of these