16 Jun ARE FACTS AND STATISTICS SUCH AS POPULATION FIGURES CURRENT?
Is it accurate?
Do the facts and figures seem accurate based on what you have found in published sources reports by others or reference works?
Are figures or quoted facts copied correctly?
Is it reliable?
Is the source trustworthy and well regarded?
Does the source acknowledge any commercial political advocacy or other bias that might affect the quality of its information?
Does the writer supplying the evidence have appropriate credentials or experience?
Is the writer respected as an expert in the field?
Do other sources agree with the information? Is it up-to-date?
Are facts and statistics such as population figures current?
Is the information from the latest sources? Is it to the point?
Does the evidence back the exact claim made?
Is the evidence all pertinent? Does any of it drift from the point to inter- esting but irrelevant evidence? Is it representative?
Are examples typical of all the things included in the writers position?
Are examples balanced?
Do they present the topic or issue fairly?
Are contrary examples acknowledged?
Is it appropriately complex?
Is the evidence sufficient to account for the claim made?
Does it avoid treating complex things superficially?
Does it avoid needlessly complicating simple things?
1. Annotate the entire essay ( Zinssers essay is attached in word doc titled Zinssers essay).
2. In addition to that identify the kinds of evidence that Zinsser uses to advance his argument. (facts statistics expert testimony and first hand observations)
o Test his evidence using the standards discussed (Evidence checklist has been attached as word Doc titled evidence checklist)
o
o In your own notes you should be listing all the statements that fit into each kind of evidence. That is dont just record a couple examples of each kind of evidence.
o Expect there to be overlap some pieces of evidence can fit into more than one category.
o ALSO remember: statistics are percentages not raw numbers.
3. Finally determine the success of the kinds of appeals he resorts to (Logical/Logos Emotional/Pathos and Ethical/Ethos)
4. Explain your answers in a 750 900 word essay. NOTE: Avoid writing a paper that analyzes Zinssers essay paragraph by paragraph. Your essay should have the following features:
o It should be organized by the evidence categories and the appeals categories.
o There should be separate paragraphs for each kind of evidence and each kind of appeal.
o You will want to give 3 to 5 examples for each kind of evidence that is prominent in the essay. You wont find this hard to do if you created exhaustive lists like those explained above in B. 2.
o Do NOT use outside sources when testing evidence. Rely on your own powers of analysis and the concepts described in the chapter.
5. Remember how to summarize a text and write a summary of the Zinsser essay.
Length: maximum 250 words.
6. Finally write a description of the kinds of annotations you made how many times you read the passage to make annotations and if you found it helpful to make annotations in preparation to summarizing and analyzing the text.
I like dropout as an addition to the American language because its brief and its clear. What I dont like is that we use it almost entirely as a dirty word.
We only apply it to people under twenty-one. Yet an adult who spends his days and nights watching mindless TV programs is more of a dropout than an eighteen-year-old who quits college with its frequently mindless courses to become say a VISTA volunteer. For the young dropping out is often a way of dropping in.
To hold this opinion however is little short of treason in America. A boy or girl who leaves college is branded a failure and the right to fail is one of the few freedoms that this country does not grant its citizens. The American dream is a dream of getting ahead painted in strokes of gold wherever we look. Our advertisements and TV commercials are a hymn to material success our magazine articles a toast to people who made it to the top. Smoke the right cigarette or drive the right car so the ads imply and girls will be swooning into your deodorized arms or caressing your expensive lapels. Hap- piness goes to the man who has the sweet smell of achievement. He is our national idol and everybody else is our national fink.
I want to put in a word for the fink especially the teen-age fink because if we give him time to get through his finkdom if we release him from the pressure of attaining certain goals by a certain age he has a good chance becoming our national idol a Jefferson or a Thoreau a Buckminster Fuller or an Adlai Stevenson a man with a mind of his own. We need mavericks and dissenters and dreamers far more than we need junior vice presidents but we paralyze them by insisting that every step be a step up to the next rung of the ladder. Yet in the fluid years of youth the only way for boys and girls to find their proper road is often to take a hundred side trips poking out in different directions faltering drawing back and starting again.
But what if we fail? they ask whispering the dreadful word across the Generation Gap to their parents who are back home at the Establishment nursing their middle-class values and cultivating their goal-oriented soci- ety. The parents whisper back: Dont!
What they should say is Dont be afraid to fail! Failure isnt fatal. Countless people have had a bout with it and come out stronger as a result. Many have even come out famous. History is strewn with eminent dropouts loners who followed their own trail not worrying about its odd twists and turns because they had faith in their own sense of direction. To read their bi- ographies is always exhilarating not only because they beat the system but because their system was better than the one that they beat.
Luckily such rebels still turn up often enough to prove that individual- ism though badly threatened is not extinct. Much has been written for in- stance about the fitful scholastic career of Thomas P. F. Hoving New Yorks former Parks Commissioner and now director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Hoving was a dropouts dropout entering and leaving schools as if they were motels often at the request of the management. Still he must have learned something during those unorthodox years for he dropped in again at the top of his profession.
His case reminds me of another boyhood that of Holden Caulfield in J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye the most popular literary hero of the post- war period. There is nothing accidental about the grip that this dropout con- tinues to hold on the affections of an entire American generation. Nobody else real or invented has made such an engaging shambles of our goal-oriented society so gratified our secret belief that the phonies are in power and the good guys up the creek. Whether Holden has also reached the top of his cho- sen field today is one of those speculations that delight fanciers of good fic- tion. I speculate that he has. Holden Caulfield incidentally is now thirty-six.
Im not urging everyone to go out and fail just for the sheer therapy of it or to quit college just to coddle some vague discontent. Obviously its better to succeed than to flop and in general a long education is more helpful than a short one. (Thanks to my own education for example I can tell George Eliot from T. S. Eliot. I can handle the pluperfect tense in French and I know that Caesar beat the Helvetii because he had enough frumentum.) I only mean that failure isnt bad in itself or success automatically good.
Fred Zinnemann who has directed some of Hollywoods most honored movies was asked by a reporter when A Man for All Seasons won every prize about his previous film Behold a Pale Horse which was a box-office disaster. I dont feel any obligation to be successful Zinnemann replied. Success can be dangerous you feel you know it all. Ive learned a great deal from my fail- ures. A similar point was made by Richard Brooks about his ambitious money loser Lord Jim. Recalling the three years of his life that went into it talking almost with elation about the troubles that befell his unit in Cambo- dia Brooks told me that he learned more about his craft from this consider- able failure than from his many earlier hits.
Its a point of course that applies throughout the arts. Writers play- wrights painters and composers work in the expectation of periodic defeat but they wouldnt keep going back into the arena if they thought it was the end of the world. It isnt the end of the world. For an artist and perhaps for anybody it is the only way to grow.
Todays younger generation seems to know that this is true seems willing to take the risks in life that artists take in art. Society needless to say still has the upper hand it sets the goals and condemns as a failure everybody who wont play. But the dropouts and the hippies are not as afraid of failure as their parents and grandparents. This could mean as their elders might say that they are just plumb lazy secure in the comforts of an affluent state. It could also mean however that they just dont buy the old standards of success and are rapidly writing new ones.
Recently it was announced for instance that more than two hundred thousand Americans have inquired about service in VISTA (the domestic Peace Corps) and that according to a Gallup survey more than three mil- lion American college students would serve VISTA in some capacity if given the opportunity. This is hardly the road to riches or to an executive suite. Yet I have met many of these young volunteers and they are not pining for traditional success. On the contrary they appear more fulfilled than the average vice president with a swimming pool.
Who is to say then if there is any right path to the top or even to say what the top consists of? Obviously the colleges dont have more than a partial answer otherwise the young would not be so disaffected with an education that they consider vapid. Obviously business does not have the answer otherwise the young would not be so scornful of its call to be an organization man.
The fact is nobody has the answer and the dawning awareness of this fact seems to me one of the best things happening in America today. Success and failure are again becoming individual visions as they were when the country was younger not rigid categories. Maybe we are learning again to cherish this right of every person to succeed on his own terms and to fail as often as necessary along the way.
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