05 Jul Astronomy 115 Total: 20 pointsHomework #8. Due 202
Astronomy 115 Total: 20 pointsHomework #8. Due 2020 April 9 (late deadline April 16) at 10am through Gradescope.Covering mainly material in Chapter 9 and 10 of Life in the UniverseFor each problem, neatly show your work including equations used numerical answers onlywill not get full credit. Also, be sure to include diagrams/sketches when requested.For numerical answers, in general use 3 significant digits as you carry out your calculation.Also, for large (>1000) or small (<0.001) numbers, please use scientific notation and/or metricprefix. For example, instead of 0.0000103 meters, either report 1.03 x 10 -5 m, or 10.3micro-meters (microns).1. Assuming the average depth of Europa's liquid ocean is 100km, compare theamount of liquid water on Europa to the amount of liquid water on Earth ( 1.332billion cubic kilometers). (Hint: Volume of thin spherical shell is V=4 r 2 D(r=radius, D=depth). Be sure to include all necessary information and show yourwork [4 points]2. Titan has some positive features and negative features in terms of habitability.Summarize two negative and two positive features of Titan when considering thepossibility of life existing on the surface. [4 points]3. Astronomers use the Habitable Zone (HZ) concept when discussingpossibilities for finding life in the Universe. What is the definition of the HZ? Whatare the advantages and limitations of the HZ concept when considering oursearch for life in the Universe? (length should be 2-3 paragraphs) [4 points](see next page for Question 4)4. For the stars listed in the table below, calculate the surface temperature for aplanet located at 1 AU from the star and also calculate the orbital distance (inAU) to place an Earth-like planet if you want to have the same surfacetemperature as Earth (T_earth = 300K). You should use the approximate resultfrom class: , where T K is the temperature TK = 300K (in Kelvin) around a Rau1/2Lsun1/4star with luminosity L sun (in solar luminosities) at a distance R au (in astronomicalunits). [8 points]a. 2M1207 (Brown Dwarf)b. Vega (hot star)c. Betelgeuse (Red Supergiant)d. The Sun in 5 billion years, when its luminosity is 1000x greater than today.Name Type Mass(Msun)Radius(Rsun)Temperature(Kelvin)Luminosity(Lsun)2M1207 Brown dwarf 0.025 0.25 2550 0.002Sun(today)G star 1.0 1.0 5800 1.0Sun(+5 billion years)Red giant 0.99 120 3000 1000Vega Hot (A) star 2.1 2.4 9600 40.1Betelgeuse Red Supergiant 10 1000 3250 100000
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