BIO 139 – The “pump” or “pressure-head

10 Jun BIO 139 – The “pump” or “pressure-head

Question

1. The “pump” or “pressure-head” for the pulmonary circulation is the:

A. right atrium

B. right ventricle

C. left atrium

D. left ventricle

E. None of the above is correct.

2. The “pump” or “pressure-head” for the systemic circulation is the:

A. right atrium

B. right ventricle

C. left atrium

D. left ventricle

E. None of the above is correct.

3. The pulmonary circulation ends at the:

A. right atrium

B. right ventricle

C. left atrium

D. left ventricle

E. None of the above is correct.

4. The systemic circulation ends at the:

A. right atrium

B. right ventricle

C. left atrium

D. left ventricle

E. None of the above is correct.

5. The period of ejection:

A. begins with the first heart sound and ends with the opening of the AV-valve.

B. begins with the second heart sound and ends with the closing of the AV-valve.

C. begins with the second heart sound and ends with the opening of the Aortic-valve.

D. begins with the opening of the Aortic-valve and ends with the second heart sound.

E. None of the above is correct.

6. The arterial p02 is relatively low in an individual suffering from congestive heart failure because:

A . hemoglobin is mis-shapen and can’t bind adequate 02

B. pulmonary ventilation is compromised by the decrease in arterial pC02

C. bronchoconstriction increases the total amount of air in the alveoli

D. 02 has difficulty diffusing through the fluid trapped in the lung tissue

E. None of the above is correct.

7. Right Ventricular pressure is always the same as Left Ventricular Pressure.

A. true

B. false

8. The volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute is termed:

A. stroke volume

B. cardiac output

C. end diastolic volume

D. end systolic volume

E. None of the above is correct.

9. Right and Left Ventricular Pressures are the identical during:

A. the period of ejection

B. the period of filling

C. systole

D. All of the above are correct.

E. None of the above are correct.

10. Atrial systole is responsible for “most” of venous return.

A. true

B. false

11. Cardiac valves open and close when stimulated and/or inhibited by the autonomic nervous system.

A. true

B. false

12. The major components of the cell membrane are:

A. Triglycerides & carbohydrates.

B. Triglycerides & proteins.

C. Proteins & phospholipids.

D. Proteins & carbohydrates.

13. During exercise, venous return is enhanced by:

A. the operation of carotid arterial and femoral arterial valves.

B. the operation of the respiratory muscle/ventilation pump.

C. skeletal muscle pump operation

D. All of the above are correct.

E. Only B and C above are correct.

14. When the resting membrane potential of excitable cells is measured the value is typically somewhere close to:

A. +9 volts

B. 0 volts

C. -9 millivolts

D. -80 millivolts

E. -80 volts

15. The action potential in excitable cells is ‘activated’ when the cell membrane reaches the membrane voltage referred to as:

A. the graded potential

B. the peak

C. threshold

D. the regressive augmentation

E. the plateau

16. An inward K+ current is responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential.

A. true B. false

17. The onset of ventricular systole is characterized by the closing of the

AVvalves and:

A. onset of the period of isovolumic relaxation.

B. onset of the period of ejection.

C. onset of the period of filling.

D. onset of the period of isovolumic contraction.

E. None of the above are correct.

18. The Left Ventricle develops much more pressure than does the Right Ventricle. This is why it pumps so much more blood than the Right Ventricle.

A. true B. false

19. The main determinant of venous return is central venous pressure.

A. true B. false

20. The main determinant of central venous pressure is:

A. contractility

B. blood volume

C. total peripheral resisitance

D. the autonomic nervous system

E. None of the above is correct.

21. The P-wave of the ECG is generated by the repolarization of the SA-Node.

A. true B. false

22. The QRS-complex of the ECG is generated by the depolarization of the AV-Node & Ventricular Myocardium.

A. true B. false

23. The T-wave of the ECG occurs during the later phase of diastole.

A. true B. false

24. Ventricular Diastolic pressure is normally around 80mmHg.

A. true B. false

25. Aortic Diastolic pressure is normally around 0mmHg.

A. true B. false

26. Ventricular Contractility increases in response to circulating Epinephrine. What factor is responsible for this increase in the force of the contraction?

A. the Na+ current (depol.)

B. the Ca++ current which causes the plateau (trigger Ca++)

C. the K+ current

D. a decreased Central Venous Pressure

E. None of the above is correct.

27. Normally, Systole takes up about 80% of the Cardiac Cycle.

A. true B. false

28. Which of the following is not an affect of circulating Angiostensin II (AII)?

A. thirst

B. selective vasodilation

C. increased peripheral vascular tone & resistance

D. the release of Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

E. All of the above are caused by angiotensin II (AII).

29. Antidiuretic Hormone is released to adjust plasma osmotic pressure and blood volume. What endocrine gland/organ releases this hormone?

A. the heart

B. the kidneys

C. the adrenal cortex

D. the posterior pituitary

E. None of the above is correct.

30. Blood Volume affects blood pressure because it directly increases:

A. Total Peripheral Resistance

B. Stroke Volume

C. End Systolic Volume

D. Central Venous Pressure

31. Atrial Naturetic Factor is released to adjust blood pressure. Which organ releases this hormone?

A. the heart

B. the kidneys

C. the adrenal cortex

D. the posterior pituitary

E. None of the above is correct.

32. Which type of sensor is responsible for detecting Arterial Blood Pressure?

A. Stretch receptors

B. Baro-receptors

C. Osmoreceptors

D. Chemo-receptors

E. None of the above is correct.

33. Chemo-receptors constantly monitor the Arterial O2 Content; the chemo-receptors are located in which of the following organs?

A. the heart

B. the medulla-oblongata

C. the lungs

D. the kidneys

E. None of the above is correct.

34. Aldosterone, a steroid hormone, is released to control Extracellular Volume. Which circulating molecule causes the release of the hormone?

A. ADH

B. angiotensinogen

C. ANF

D. A-II

E. None of the above is correct.

35. Which division of the nervous system is able to alter heart rate, stroke volume & total vascular resistance to adjust arterial blood pressure?

A. the sympathetic

B. the parasympathetic

C. the somatosensory

D. the paranormal

E. None of the above are correct.

36. Decreasing blood pressure to the Aortic Arch & Carotid Sinuses should reflexly:

A. decrease heart rate & increase stroke volume

B. increase vascular resistance & decrease heart rate

C. decrease stroke volume & decrease vascular resistance

D. increase cardiac output & increase vascular resistance

E. None of the above is correct.

37. Using the Baro-receptor feedback mechanism, the parasysmpathetic nervous system can affect which of the following variables to adjust blood pressure?

A. heart rate

B. stroke volume

C. vascular resistance

D. contractility

38. An individual possessing only the A & B antigens is said to be of which blood type?

A. A+

B. AB+

C. AB-

D. O-

39. The most potent thirst-stimulator is Angiotensin II. Which hormonal feedback system is this molecule a component of:

A. Aldosterone

B. AntiDiuretic Hormone

C. Erythropoeitin

D. Atrial Naturetic Factor

40. Increasing Vascular Resistance (TPR) increases Diastolic Blood Pressure.

A. true B. false

41. The pO2 in the pulmonary artery is approximately:

A. 40mmHg B. 46mmHg C. 100mmHg

42. The pO2 in the pulmonary veins is approximately:

A. 40mmHg B. 46mmHg C. 100mmHg

43. The pO2 in the superior vena cava is approximately:

A. 40mmHg B. 46mmHg C. 100mmHg

44. The pCO2 in the pulmonary artery is approximately:

A. 40mmHg B. 46mmHg C. 100mmHg

45. The pCO2 in the aorta is:

A. 40mmHg B. 46mmHg C. 100mmHg

46. The onset of Ventricular systole is associated with:

A. the closing of the aortic valve

B. the ejection of blood from the ventricles

C. the opening of the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves

D. the first heart sound

E. None of the above is correct.

47. The onset of Ventricular diastole is associated with:

A. the closing of the aortic valve

B. the ejection of blood from the ventricles

C. the opening of the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves

D. the first heart sound

E. None of the above is correct.

48. The period of ejection:

A. begins with closure of the AV-valves and ends with opening of the AV-valves

B. begins with opening of the aortic valve and ends with closure of the aortic valve

C. begins with the P-wave and ends with the QRS-complex

D. begins with the QRS-complex and ends with the T-wave

E. None of the above are correct.

49. The serosal membranous sac enclosing the heart is called the:

A. myocardium

B. endocardium

C. pericardium

D. epicardium

E. None of the above is correct.

50. Why does increasing total body Na+ (TB-Na+), increase mean arterial pressure?

A. ultimately, increasing TB-Na+ increases CVP

B. ultimately, increasing TB-Na+ increases parasympathetic output to the SA-node

C. ultimately, increasing TB-Na+ decreases CVP

D. ultimately, increasing TB-Na+ decreases extracellular volume

E. None of the above is correct.