BIO156 Quiz 3: Lessons 5 and 6

27 Jun BIO156 Quiz 3: Lessons 5 and 6

Question
Question

1 of 30

According to __________, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Aristotle’s first principle

the first law of thermodynamics

the second law of thermodynamics

the third law of thermodynamics

Einstein’s law of relativity

Question

2 of 30

Which one of the following processes is endergonic?

the burning of wood

the release of heat from the breakdown of glucose

the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water

the breakdown of glucose

cellular respiration

Question

3 of 30

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely

result in cell death.

force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.

result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.

force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.

have no effect on the cell.

Question

4 of 30

Which one of the following is true about the ATP molecule?

It contains two phosphate groups.

Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups.

It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose.

It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine.

None of the choices are correct.

Question

5 of 30

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,

it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.

it raises the activation energy of the reaction.

it becomes a product.

it acts as a reactant.

None of the choices are correct.

Question

6 of 30

Which one of the following is false?

An enzyme’s function depends on its three-dimensional shape.

Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates.

Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.

Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze.

An enzyme binds to its substrate at the enzyme’s active site.

Question

7 of 30

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

zinc

Vitamin B6

iron

iodine

hydrogen ions

Question

8 of 30

Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with increasing levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan levels decline. This is an example of

competitive inhibition.

noncompetitive inhibition.

feedback inhibition.

positive feedback.

irreversible inhibition.

Question

9 of 30

The second law of thermodynamics states that____________.

energy can be transformed into matter and, because of this, we can get something for nothing.

energy can be destroyed only during nuclear reactions, such as those that occur inside the sun.

if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy to maintain the balance of nature.

energy tends to become increasingly dispersed and unusable.

Question

10 of 30

ATP is

the energy currency of a cell

produced by the destruction of ADP

expended in the process of photosynthesis

produced during the phosphorylation of any organic compound

Question

11 of 30

Which statement about energy transformations is true?

In energy transformations, energy is conserved or recycled.

Living organisms decrease entropy in the universe as energy is transformed from light to chemical energy.

Energy is constantly being created in the universe.

Entropy is constantly increasing in the universe.

Energy transformations decrease entropy in the universe.

Question

12 of 30

The active site of an enzyme

is where the coenzyme is located.

is a specific bulge or protuberance on an enzyme.

is a groove or crevice on the structure of the enzyme.

will react with only one substrate no matter how many molecules may resemble the shape of the substrate.

rigidly resists any alteration of its shape.

Question

13 of 30

The term anaerobic means

without bacteria.

without ATP.

without CO2.

with O2.

without O2.

Question

14 of 30

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

lost in the form of heat.

created in the form of heat.

used to create light.

All of the choices are correct.

None of the choices are correct.

Question

15 of 30

Which one of the following statements is false? Cellular respiration

consumes glucose.

is a single chemical reaction with just one step.

produces water.

produces carbon dioxide.

releases heat.

Question

16 of 30

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose

becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.

is used to manufacture glucose.

is released all at once.

is carried by electrons.

None of the choices are correct.

Question

17 of 30

Oxidation is the __________, and reduction is the __________.

gain of electrons; loss of electrons

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

loss of oxygen; gain of oxygen

gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen

gain of protons; loss of protons

Question

18 of 30

Pyruvate

forms at the end of glycolysis.

is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle.

is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation.

is the end product of chemiosmosis.

is a six-carbon molecule.

Question

19 of 30

During cellular respiration, glucose is converted into two pyruvic acid molecules. These molecules

are each converted into a two-carbon molecule joined to a coenzyme A molecule.

each lose a carbon atom, which is released as CO2.

together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose molecule.

are oxidized.

All of the choices are correct.

Question

20 of 30

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except

CO2

pyruvic acid.

ATP.

NADH.

FADH2.

Question

21 of 30

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

ATP synthase is associated with it.

It plays a role in the production of pyruvic acid.

Electron carriers are associated with it.

It is involved in chemiosmosis.

A gradient of H+exists across it.

Question

22 of 30

Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called

strict anaerobes.

aerobes.

facultative anaerobes.

chemosynthetic bacteria.

microaerophiles.

Question

23 of 30

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to

an excess of ATP that builds up during vigorous exercise.

the presence of lactate and other metabolites produced during fermentation in muscle cells.

the large amount of carbon dioxide that builds up in the muscle.

the accumulation of alcohol from anaerobic respiration.

None of the choices are correct.

Question

24 of 30

The terms “cristae” and “matrix” are associated with which cellular function(s)?

Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation

Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Glycolysis only

Oxidative phosphorylation only

Question

25 of 30

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

Glycolysis happens to glucose only.

Glycolysis results in the production of citric acid and occurs in the Golgi body.

Glycolysis results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question

26 of 30

During respiration, the greatest amount of ATP is produced during

glycolysis.

acetyl-CoA formation.

the Krebs cycle.

oxidative phosphorylation.

Question

27 of 30

The location of the electron transport system in eukaryotic cells is

on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

on the inner membrane of the chloroplasts.

throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.

on the inner portion of the plasma membrane.

Question

28 of 30

The major function of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out this function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following except

membrane-bound electron transfer chains.

*

enzymes for glycolysis.

ATP synthase enzymes imbedded in the membrane.

enzymes for the Krebs cycle.

Question

29 of 30

The oxygen we breathe in is needed for the process of respiration. Which of the following is the major role of oxygen in respiration?

Oxygen is needed to start glycolysis.

Oxygen carries electrons to the electron transfer chains in the mitochondria.

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transfer chain.

Oxygen combines with free carbons to form carbon dioxide.

Question

30 of 30

The term “phosphorylation” refers to the

use of an enzyme to break down ATP.

transfer of a phosphate to a substrate – like ADP.

taking away of phosphate molecules from enzymes.

second law of thermodynamics relating to phosphorous function.

subtraction of a phosphate from a substr