Biol 1010 Brooklyn College Quiz unit 7 (Chapter 8)

25 Jun Biol 1010 Brooklyn College Quiz unit 7 (Chapter 8)

Question

Biol 1010 Brooklyn College

Quiz unit 7 (Chapter 8)

Which of the following statements is NOT important to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Offspring tend to inherit characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetimes.

None of the above choices is correct; all are important to his theory.

All species have the ability to produce more offspring than can live and reproduce.

Variation is found in all natural populations.

Some variation found in natural populations is heritable.

2.

Evolution is defined as

a change in a physical trait of an individual during its lifetime.

a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.

survival of the fittest.

a change in the frequency of a physical trait in a population over time.

a progressive “ladder” of changes from the most primitive organisms to the most advanced organisms.

3.

When a sudden change in the environment, such as a flood or fire, reduces the size of a population, the survivors’ collective gene pool will be only a limited representation of what was present before the disaster. This phenomenon is called the

Hardy-Weinberg effect.

culling effect.

founder effect.

bottleneck effect.

genetic load.

4.

Artificial selection was used on corn to produce a single strain of corn with increased growth rates and greater resistance to a fungus. Although farmers have continued to select for these traits, the productivity of this strain is no longer increasing. This suggests that

the population size has been decreasing.

artificial selection is not as strong as natural selection.

long-term disruptive selection may lead to speciation.

gene migration is a major evolutionary agent in corn.

all or most of the natural variation for these traits has been eliminated.

5.

Many mosquito populations today are resistant to pesticides that were historically effective. This pesticide resistance arose in these populations because

the pesticides caused mutations in the DNA of mosquitoes that conferred resistance phenotypes, and these mutations were passed on to subsequent generations.

individual mosquitoes build up immunity to the pesticides after exposure.

some individuals were resistant to the pesticides before they were used, and those mosquitoes were more likely to survive and reproduce.

these populations were outside the range of the original pesticide application.

populations had to develop tolerance in order to survive.

6.

Natural selection can only act on traits that

are adaptive.

are acquired in an individual’s lifetime.

confer a reproductive advantage.

reduce mortality.

are heritable.

7.

Which of the following is the best measure of an organism’s fitness?

how long it lives

its size, compared with other members of the same species

the number of fertile offspring it produces

the number of mutations it acquires in its lifetime

the amount of care it receives from its parents

8.

Convergent evolution can occur only when two species

have a recent common ancestor.

live in the same geographic area.

evolve under similar selective forces.

are both inedible to predators.

are separated by a barrier such as a new river.

9.

Adaptation:

a. refers both to the process by which organisms become better matched to their environment and to the features of an organism that make it more fit than other individuals.

b. cannot occur in environments influenced by humans.

c. is possible only when there is no mutation.

d. is responsible for the fact that porcupines are at an unusually high risk of predation.

e. occurs for physical traits but not behaviors.

10.

Disruptive selection occurs when

selection occurs against the extreme ends of a trait’s distribution.

low-ranking, “sneaker” males disrupt the mating between a dominant female and a male.

individuals with extreme values of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with intermediate values of the trait.

individuals with one extreme value of a trait have greater fitness than individuals with the other extreme value of the trait.

directional selection is impossible due to a depletion of genetic variation.

11.

Which of the following is not a source of evidence demonstrating the occurrence of evolution?

molecular biology

comparative anatomy

fossil record

biogeography

everything listed is evidence demonstrating the occurrence of evolution

12.

Most mutations are

found in the cytoplasm.

responsible for gene flow.

beneficial or neutral to the organism in which the mutation takes place.

accounted for by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

random with respect to the environmental needs of the organism in which the mutation takes place.