BIOL 160 – A specific type of neuron that conducts

11 Jun BIOL 160 – A specific type of neuron that conducts

Question
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Exam

Name___________________________________

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

1)

A specific type of neuron that

conducts information toward the brain

and spinal cord from a sensory

receptor.

2)

The junction between a neuron and

another cell.

3)

The short branching projections of a

neuron, which provide surface area

for sending and receiving signals from

other cells.

4)

Specific neurons that carry

information away from the brain and

spinal cord to an effector such as a

muscle or a gland.

5)

A single, long extension of a neuron’s

cell body that functions to transmit an

incoming message or impulse.

A)

Synapse

B)

Sensory neuron

C)

Motor neuron

D)

Dendrite

E)

Axon

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

6)

Which one of the following ions outside the neuron would make it very difficult for a

depolarization to occur?

6)

A)

chloride

B)

sodium

C)

potassium

D)

manganese

7)

The specialized membrane proteins that actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the

plasma membrane are known as the ________.

7)

A)

sodium pump

B)

sodium

–

manganese pump

C)

sodium

–

potassium pump

D)

sodium

–

chloride pump

8)

Which of the following is a chemical signal that diffuses across the gap between adjacent neurons

to convey a message to the next cell?

8)

A)

neurotransmitter

B)

dendrite

C)

synapse

D)

action potential

9)

Which of these diseases involves the destruction of the myelin sheath on certain neurons within the

brain and spinal cord?

9)

A)

Parkinson’s disease

B)

Alzheimer’s disease

C)

depression

D)

multiple sclerosis

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10)

Sodium and potassium ions cross the neuron’s membrane to cause which of the following

processes?

10)

A)

transmission

B)

action potential

C)

refractory period

D)

passive transport

11)

Samara is an astronaut in deep space away from gravity. How could her urine move away from the

kidneys and to the bladder in such a situation?

11)

A)

skeletal muscle movements

B)

peristalsis

C)

bladder suction pressure

D)

the Valsalva maneuver

12)

Which of the following is a hormone that regulates the reabsorption of sodium by the distal

convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

12)

A)

aldosterone

B)

ADH

C)

ANP

D)

angiotensin

13)

Urinalysis shows that Marianne has large amounts of protein in her urine. The area of the nephron

that must be malfunctioning is the ________.

13)

A)

glomerulus

B)

loop of the nephron

C)

distal convoluted tubule

D)

collecting duct

14)

The filtrate moves out of the glomerular capsule to the ________ and then to the loop of the

nephron.

14)

A)

proximal convoluted tubule

B)

juxtaglomerular apparatus

C)

renal pelvis

D)

collecting duct

15)

One of the most significant complications associated with kidney failure is ________.

15)

A)

an inability to regulate blood volume

B)

edema

C)

an inability to regulate blood pH

D)

All of the above are significant complications.

16)

You just drank several glasses of lemonade, which is highly acidic. Which of the following will

occur in your urine?

16)

A)

The pH of your urine will decrease.

B)

Your urine will contain a lot of bicarbonate ions.

C)

The pH of your urine will increase.

D)

There will not be any major changes to the urine.

17)

Which of the following would

not

be reabsorbed (removed from the filtrate and returned to the

blood) at the proximal convoluted tubule?

17)

A)

glucose

B)

creatinine

C)

urea

D)

bicarbonate

18)

A patient has a tumor that causes her to secrete an excess amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

You would expect that the excessive level of ADH will ultimately cause ________.

18)

A)

decreased blood pressure

B)

increased ventilation rate

C)

an increase in urine volume

D)

increased blood pressure

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MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

19)

An excretory organ involved with

filtration of body fluids and the

elimination of nitrogenous wastes.

20)

Tube

–

like structures that are lined

with muscle and function to transport

urine from the kidneys to the urinary

bladder.

21)

If this muscular tube were to become

blocked, urine could not be expelled to

the outside of the body.

22)

When we wish to examine the urine to

determine a patient’s health, we

perform this test.

23)

These are the functional units of the

kidney and are responsible for the

formation of urine.

A)

Nephrons

B)

Urethra

C)

Ureters

D)

Kidneys

E)

Urinalysis

19)

20)

21)

22)

23)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

24)

This enzyme will break down starch into smaller subunits.

24)

A)

lipase

B)

pepsin

C)

renin

D)

amylase

25)

The stomach begins chemical digestion of which of these substances?

25)

A)

fats

B)

sugars

C)

proteins

D)

carbohydrates

26)

This digestive organ absorbs water from indigestible food residue, stores feces, and eliminates feces

from the body.

26)

A)

large intestine

B)

rectum

C)

small intestine

D)

stomach

27)

Chyme travels from the stomach to which specific structure?

27)

A)

duodenum

B)

pancreas

C)

large intestine

D)

jejunum

28)

If a gallstone were to block the bile duct, which type of food would become more difficult to digest?

28)

A)

starch

B)

fat

C)

protein

D)

sugar

29)

A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes

and the gallbladder to release bile is known as ________.

29)

A)

gastrin

B)

vasoactive intestinal peptide

C)

cholecystokinin

D)

secretin

30)

Which of the following is a J

–

shaped muscular sac that serves in the temporary storage of

masticated food while digestive enzymes and HCl are released to digest proteins?

30)

A)

large intestines

B)

stomach

C)

esophagus

D)

colon

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31)

A 60

–

year

–

old having frequent constipation runs a greater risk of this condition.

31)

A)

peptic ulcer

B)

diverticulitis

C)

diarrhea

D)

appendicitis

32)

Stratified squamous epithelium is tissue that can take a lot of physical wear and tear, but compared

with some other tissues, it does not absorb water

–

soluble materials well. Which of the following is

least

likely to be lined by stratified squamous epithelium?

32)

A)

esophagus

B)

small intestine

C)

anus

D)

mouth

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

33)

This organ in the digestive system

functions to store food and break

down proteins before transferring

chyme to the duodenum.

34)

A muscular tube that absorbs water

and some nutrients and stores waste

material.

35)

Three pairs of glands that secrete

fluids, moisten and lubricate food, and

contain digestive enzymes that

hydrolyze starches.

36)

Samantha drank a lot of alcohol over

many years and now suffers from this

fatty degeneration of the liver.

37)

The region of the large intestine that

when stretched stimulates the

defecation reflex and allows for the

passage of feces.

A)

Stomach

B)

Rectum

C)

Large intestine

D)

Cirrhosis

E)

Salivary glands

33)

34)

35)

36)

37)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

38)

Food is sent along the GI tract by means of a wavelike process called ________.

38)

39)

Each time Cyrus drinks milk, he develops gas, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Cyrus

is probably ________.

39)

40)

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ________, a major organ of the digestive system.

40)

41)

________ is a product of the liver. It contains water, ions, cholesterol, pigments, and salts

that help in the digestion of lipids.

41)

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Answer Key

Testname: UNTITLED2

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