BIOL 360 – Which of the following is a unique reagent

11 Jun BIOL 360 – Which of the following is a unique reagent

Question
Question 51

Which of the following is a unique reagent that is central to RT-PCR?

a) Reverse transcriptase

b) Ligase

c) RNase

d) Oligo(dT) chains

e) Restriction enzymes

Question 54

Which of the following is the most likely disadvantage of using cheaper DNA polymerases in a PCR reaction?

a) longer fragments will be more easily amplified.

b) you will need for longer primers for a successful PCR.

c) you may introduce mutations in the amplified DNA.

d) you will obtain more copies of DNA.

e) your PCR reaction won’t possibly work

Question 1

Which of the following statements are INCORRECT about evolution ?

a. Evolution refers to changes in the allele frequency of a genetic pool caused by natural selection.

b. There can be evolution without any apparent phenotypic change.

c. “Hidden” genetic variation also contributes to evolution.

d. Evolution refers to variations in phenotypes within a population over time.

Question 3

Much of the genetic variation within a species remains phenotypically “hidden”. Which of the following mechanisms can explain “hidden” genetic variation?

a) neutral phenotypes

b) polygenic phenotypes

c) genetic code degeneracy

d) complete dominance

e) variatino within non-protein coding genetic sequences

f) incomplete dominance and/or co-dominance

Question 4

Which region of a protein-coding gene typically shows the least variability in sequence when compared among somewhat distant organisms?

a) Introns

b) The last nucleotide (wobble position) of codons in the coding region of exons

c) 5′ UTR

d) 3′ UTR

e) The first two nucleotides of codons in the coding sequence of exons

Question 2

Why would some experts argue that epigenetics is just a trendy fad, and that epigenetics is nothing more than just a very special case of genetics?

a) Because the proteins and enzymes in charge of carrying out the chromatin modifications underlying epigenetic mechanisms are the products of genes that are inherited in classical fashion.

b) Because epigenetics deals with inheritance of phenotypic traits, not genotypes.

c) Because the environment of organisms are also coded genetically.

d) Because epigenetics relates to mutations in chromatin modifying genes that are inherited in Mendelian fashion.

Question 3

Which of the following is INCORRECT about “chromatin modifications”?

a) They are postranslational modification of histone tails.

b) They can positively or negatively regulate the expression of genes.

c) They are usually stable, but reversible.

d) They typically result from environmental or intracellular signals.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a feature that cancer cells need to acquire to become fully malignant?

a) The ability to elongate their telomeres and thus acquire limitless replicative potential.

b) The ability to evade apoptosis (or “cell suicide”)

c) The ability to combat viral infections on their own.

d) The ability to disregard growth/proliferation suppressive signals.

Question 5

Which of the following might be a mechanism through which chromosomal translocations (and other chromosomal rearrangements) contribute to cancer growth?

a) By causing overexpression of DNA-damage repair genes.

b) By breaking the coding region of a proto-oncogene.

c) By placing a tumor suppressor gene under a very strong expression promoter.

d) By placing a proto-oncogene under a new and very strong expression promoter.

Question 6

Which of the following mutations is most likely to be strongly associated with a given type of cancer?

a) A mutation that leads to overexpression of a metabolic enzyme involved in one of the side reactions of glycolysis.

b) A mutation that leads to overexpression of a transcription factor necessary for mitosis.

c) A mutation that leads to overexpression of a mutant mRNA that cannot be translated.

d) A mutation that leads to overexpression of a DNA-repair protein.