10 Jun BIOLOGY 1111 – DNA and RNA Structure and Function
Question
11.1 DNA and RNA Structure and Function
1. Briefly describe the Watson and Crick structure of DNA and list the evidence used in proposing this structure.
2. List the steps involved in replicating DNA.
3. Compare and contrast the structure of RNA with that of DNA.
4. List the three major types of RNA and describe their functions.
11.2 Gene Expression
1. List the steps involved in gene expression and describe the part of the cell in which each step occurs.
2. Explain what the genetic code is used for and explain why it is considered to be almost universal.
3. Describe how transcription copies the information from a gene into a messenger RNA molecule.
4. List the three modifications that occur during mRNA processing and briefly explain their importance.
5. Describe how the process of translation converts the chemical language of nucleic acids into a protein and list the three phases of this process.
6. Explain the most common effects of mutations and the changes they induce.
11.3 DNA Technology
1. Describe the steps involved in making a recombinant DNA molecule.
2. Explain how a transgenic organism is made and give some applications of transgenic organisms.
3. Describe the applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA fingerprinting.
11.4 Genomics and Proteomics
1. List some possible applications for the science of genomics.
2. Describe variations in base sequences that occur among humans.
3. Explain the various uses of proteomics and bioinformatics.
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