BIOLOGY 33 The nurse encourages a 65-year-old female patient

13 Jun BIOLOGY 33 The nurse encourages a 65-year-old female patient

Question
The Cardiovascular System Questions

1. The nurse encourages a 65-year-old female patient to get a cholesterol study because the best indicator of possible heart disease in women is:

A. low levels of high-density lipoprotein.

B. low levels of triglycerides.

C. high levels of high-density lipoprotein.

D. low levels of low-density lipoprotein.

2. The nurse explaining blood pressure to a patient instructs that, in a blood pressure of 120/80, the 80 indicates the:

A. pulse pressure.

B. pressure in the relaxed ventricles.

C. relative ejection factor.

D. stroke volume.

3. The nurse is aware that the eventual outcome of angiotensin on the circulatory system is:

A. vasoconstriction.

B. release of sodium and water to be excreted.

C. increase in blood pressure.

D. decrease in cardiac output.

4. The 85-year-old patient asks the nurse why he has a heart murmur now after all these years. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s heart murmur?

A. Hypertension

B. Atherosclerosis

C. Insufficient valves

D. Weakened pacemaker

5. The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on the older adult patient and notices an irregular rhythm when listening to the apical pulse. The nurse knows that this is often due to what cause in the elderly patient?

A. Loss of cells in the sinoatrial (SA) nodes

B. Increased peripheral resistance

C. Hypertension

D. Atherosclerosis

6. The nurse warns a group of college students that atherosclerotic plaque begins to occur after the age of:

A. 18.

B. 20.

C. 25.

D. 30.

7. The nurse is outlining a teaching program for diabetic patients. Which teaching point will the nurse stress when educating this population about strategies to prevent heart disease?

A. Keep blood sugar below 110 mg/dL.

B. Prevent infections.

C. Eat meals at regular times.

D. Use sterile technique in insulin injections.

8. The nurse explains that a Doppler flow study is done to:

A. detect a clot in a coronary artery.

B. visualize obstructions in leg vessels.

C. assessefficiency of blood flow through heart chambers.

D. detect a defective heart valve.

9. Following an angiogram, the nurse will assess and record:

A. allergy to dye.

B. range of motion of lower limbs.

C. presence and strength of pedal pulses.

D. nausea.

10. The patient who is to have a stress echocardiogram is instructed that prior to the test she should:

A. eat a full meal.

B. limit caffeine drinks to 1 cup.

C. abstain from smoking for 8 hours.

D. wear hard-soled shoes.

11. The 65-year-old patient complains of leg pain that disappears on rest after having walked a short distance. The nurse recognizes the description of the patient’s discomfort as being characteristic of:

A. muscle spasm.

B. deep venous thrombosis.

C. claudication.

D. angiospasm.

12. To hear a murmur best, the nurse should ask the patient to:

A. take a deep breath.

B. lean forward.

C. cough.

D. bear down.

13. When using a 0 to 4+ scale, the nurse records a normal volume pulse as:

A. 1+.

B. 2+.

C. 3+.

D. 4+.

14. The nurse has assessed the patient to have a blood pressure of 140/90, an apical pulse of 82, and a radial pulse of 76. The nurse records a pulse pressure of:

A. 6.

B. 56.

C. 82.

D. 90.

15. The nurse suspects arterial insufficiency in the 50-year-old patient when the feet and legs exhibit:

A. equal warmth.

B. shiny, hairless skin.

C. thin, brittle nails.

D. pedal edema.

16. When assessing a patient with the complaint of hypertension, the nurse will inquire if the patient routinely takes:

A. vitamins.

B. cold remedies.

C. laxatives.

D. antacids.

17. The patient asks if it is harmful for him to drink a glass of wine with dinner on a daily basis. Which is the nurse’s best response?

A. “As long as it is okay with your physician, moderate alcohol intake can be beneficial to your cardiovascular health.”

B. “Drinking wine on a daily basis may lead to you having issues with increased blood pressure.”

C. “You may want to be careful because drinking wine with dinner may stimulate your appetite significantly.”

D. “This practice may cause your triglyceride level to rise, so I would discourage it.”

18. The nurse is correct when explaining to the patient that the portion of the heart that is responsible for contracting the muscle layers in order to pump blood is which structure?

A. Myocardium

B. Endocardium

C. Epicardium

D. Pericardium

19. The nurse is explaining to the patient how telemetry will be used during his time in the hospital to help in diagnosing his heart disorder. Which patient statement indicates understanding of teaching?

A. “I will need to stay in bed when the monitor is reading my heart waves.”

B. “This test will help determine if I have a blockage in my arteries.”

C. “If there is a problem with my heart valves it will show up with telemetry.”

D. “The nurses will be able to monitor my heart rate and rhythm.”

20. The nurse outlines behaviors that aid in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which are: (Select all that apply.)

A. regular physical activity at least 30 minutes a day.

B. maintain high-density lipoprotein (HDL) greater than 50 mg/dL.

C. refrain from smoking.

D. obtain and maintain healthy weight.

E. maintain triglycerides above 150 mg/dL.

21. Cardiac output is dependent on: (Select all that apply.)

A. heartrate.

B. peripheral pulses.

C. venous return.

D. viscosity of the blood.

E. strength of contraction.

22. The nurse lists modifiable risk factors for a patient at risk for cardiovascular disease, which are: (Select all that apply.)

A. smoking.

B. hypertension.

C. obesity.

D. sedentary lifestyle.

E. age.

23. During a community presentation on prevention of heart disease, a person asks which disorders are considered congenital. Which responses by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)

A. Arteriosclerosis

B. Coarctation

C. Holes in the septum

D. Valvular defects

E. Atherosclerosis

Hypertension & Peripheral Vascular Disease Practice Questions

24. Hypertension is diagnosed by the finding of a blood pressure reading greater than:

A. 120/80 twice, 2 weeks apart.

B. 140/90 twice, 2 weeks apart.

C. 120/80 on 3 consecutive days.

D. 140/90 every day for a week.

25. Because of reduced sensitivity of the baroreceptors in the older adult who is also on a diuretic, the nurse instructs the patient to:

A. walk for 20 minutes a day.

B. reduce sodium in the diet.

C. sit on the side of the bed before standing.

D. use a walker for all ambulation.

26. The home health nurse is alarmed that the hypertensive patient’s blood pressure has risen to 200/160, but he denies any discomfort. The nurse interprets these assessments as being indicative of:

A. malignant hypertension.

B. hypertensive crisis.

C. essential hypertension.

D. secondary hypertension.

27. The nurse adds an intervention to the care plan of a patient who has just been prescribed a thiazide diuretic, which is to increase:

A. intake of foods containing potassium.

B. carbohydrates in the diet.

C. foods high in sodium.

D. fluid intake.

28. The patient has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food omissions from the diet will indicate the patient has an adequate understanding of the recommended diet?

A. Fresh spinach

B. Hot dogs

C. Pasta

D. Grapefruit

29. The patient is instructed that the most common and effective antiplatelet aggregation agent is:

A. warfarin.

B. aspirin.

C. alteplase (Activase).

D. reteplase (Retavase).

30. The patient scheduled for a percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) is instructed that a ________ is left in the artery to keep it patent.

A. bolus of alteplase

B. dose of reteplase

C. stent

D. graft

31. The nurse is providing patient teaching to a pregnant patient who works as a cashier in a grocery store. Which suggestion by the nurse will help most in preventing varicose veins?

A. Add vitamin C to diet.

B. “March in place” while standing at the counter.

C. Avoid tight support hose.

D. Wear supportive shoes.

32. An 86-year-old patient asks why her ankles have a brownish discoloration and the skin looks so thick. Which is the most accurate response by the nurse?

A. “The valves in the vessels in your legs aren’t working as well as they used to, which causes the discoloration and thickening of your skin.”

B. “You probably aren’t getting enough iron in your diet. We should talk to your doctor about adding an iron supplement.”

C. “How many years have you smoked? Nicotine will cause these changes in your skin.”

D. “These are just normal changes seen in most elderly people.”

33. The nurse is planning the care for a patient who is to have a saphenous vein stripping. What will be the priority intervention?

A. Bed rest and leg elevation for the first 12 to 24 hours

B. Assessing the need for significant pain relief

C. Massaging the legs to stimulate sluggish circulation

D. Elevating the legs to prevent hematoma

34. The 75-year-old diabetic patient has an inflamed area at the shin caused by scratching. Which intervention should the nurse perform first?

A. Record the skin break.

B. Apply antibiotic ointment.

C. Wrap with an ACE bandage.

D. Cover with clear occlusive dressing.

35. The Unna paste boot is wrapped in a variety of directions to make the most of muscular action. These dressings are usually changed:

A. twice a day.

B. once a day.

C. every 2 to 3 days.

D. twice a month.

36. The nurse assessing a patient with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) becomes concerned when the patient demonstrates which sign or symptom?

A. Hematuria

B. Tingling in the limbs

C. Hematemesis

D. Hemoptysis

37. The patient with a deep venous thrombosis is on a protocol of IV urokinase. The nurse clarifies that this drug will:

A. reduce the threat of pulmonary embolus.

B. dissolve the clot.

C. prevent platelet aggregation.

D. reduce inflammation and pain.

38. The patient who is on daily doses of warfarin is instructed in the use of a coagulation monitoring device. The patient is taught that the device will monitor which blood clotting time?

A. PT

B. PTT

C. INR

D. ACT

39. The student nurse is planning a presentation on hypertension to present in a community setting. Which group of individuals should the student identify as having the highest incidence of hypertension?

A. Muslims

B. African Americans

C. Whites

D. Latinos

40. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient is complaining of intense abdominal pain and lightheadedness. The patient’s blood pressure has dropped and pulse is rising. What is the priority nursing intervention?

A. Monitor the patient’s blood pressure every 15 minutes.

B. Contact the physician immediately.

C. Notify the patient’s family of the change in condition.

D. Instruct the patient to inform you if the pain intensifies.

41. The nurse is initiating the care plan for a patient with peripheral arterial disease, who complains of pain in the lower extremities at a 3/10, has a 0.5 cm ´ 1 cm ulcer on the left lower leg, and the lower legs are shiny and hairless bilaterally. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?

A. Injury related to loss of peripheral circulation

B. Acute pain related to ischemia to lower extremities

C. Impaired skin integrity related to ulcer on lower extremity

D. Deficient knowledge related to management of medical condition

42. The nurse cautions the patient with uncontrolled hypertension that the consequences of the disease will include: (Select all that apply.)

A. threat of a stroke.

B. possible kidney failure.

C. risk for heart attack.

D. probability of congestive heart failure.

E. development of DVT.

43. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is characterized by: (Select all that apply.)

A. narrowing of arteries.

B. obstruction of veins.

C. involvement of all extremities only.

D. defective valve function.

E. production of thrombophlebitis.

44. The nurse outlines methods of prevention of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), which include: (Select all that apply.)

A. relieving stress.

B. controlling diabetes.

C. maintaining appropriate weight.

D. routinely exercising.

E. stopping smoking.

45. The nurse in a long-term care facility designs a teaching program for the residents to help prevent peripheral vascular disease (PVD) caused by age-related changes, which include: (Select all that apply.)

A. decreasing blood viscosity.

B. loss of elasticity in vessel walls.

C. atherosclerotic vessels.

D. sedentary practices.

E. weakened leg muscles.

46. The nurse anticipates that the patient with venous insufficiency will need an intervention for: (Select all that apply.)

A. assessment for phlebitis.

B. elevating feet to reduce edema.

C. NSAIDs for pain control.

D. strategies to decrease itching.

E. approach to regular exercise.

47. The nurse instructs that the “6 Ps” of arterial disease include: (Select all that apply.)

A. pain.

B. paresthesia.

C. putrefaction.

D. pooling.

E. pallor.

48. The nurse plans to enhance blood flow in the 80-year-old long-term care facility resident by interventions such as: (Select all that apply.)

A. using lap throws or light blankets over legs while sitting.

B. elevating legs with knee gatch.

C. encouraging walking.

D. coaching isometric exercises.

E. keeping environment warm.

49. The nurse is caring for a patient with Raynaud’s disease who is employed as a construction worker, has hypertension, and smokes 1/2 to 1 pack of cigarettes per day. What teaching points should the nurse include in discharge instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A. Wear gloves during cool weather.

B. Drink plenty of warm beverages, such as coffee.

C. Insulated socks are advisable when working in cool weather.

D. Attend a smoking program.

E. Wear gloves when handling hot objects at work.

Cardiac Disorders Practice Questions

50. The nurse would anticipate that the patient with right-sided heart failure would exhibit:

A. wheezing.

B. orthopnea.

C. edema.

D. pallor.

51. The nurse anticipates that, on auscultation of the chest of an older adult with left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF), the major adventitious sound will be:

A. wheezing.

B. crackles.

C. rhonchi.

D. friction rub.

52. The nurse explains to the patient that the implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) will:

A. shock the arrhythmias into sinus rhythm.

B. enhance the heart pumping action.

C. stimulate an extra beat if the heart rate drops.

D. control the rate of the heart at a the present level.

53. The patient with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) does not want to take the morphine ordered, stating that he is not in pain and he is fearful of becoming addicted. The nurse can allay anxiety by explaining that the morphine:

A. is given to many people with CHF.

B. can be omitted and relief can be obtained with NSAIDs.

C. is used to relieve anxiety and air hunger.

D. is the only drug that can be used for CHF patients.

54. The nurse caring for a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) will include which intervention in the plan of care?

A. Perform all care at one time to allow more time to rest.

B. Keep the patient as flat as possible to prevent venous pooling.

C. Encourage eating large meals at regular times.

D. Alternate rest with activity.

55. The patient with tachycardia who has a heart rate of 115 complains of shortness of breath. The nurse interprets this complaint as being related to which problem?

A. Pulmonary edema

B. Drop in cardiac output

C. Impending pneumonia

D. Increasing anxiety

56. The nurse evaluates the need for further instruction on reduction of caffeine when the patient who has an arrhythmia says:

A. “I’ve cut my coffee from 10 cups to 2 cups a day.”

B. “I don’t drink regular cola drinks anymore.”

C. “I have given up drinking those high-energy drinks.”

D. “I’ve switched from 5 cups of coffee to 5 cups of tea.”

57. If there are several tiny spikes in place of P waves on the ECG, the nurse recognizes the arrhythmia as:

A. premature ventricular contraction (PVC).

B. atrial flutter/fibrillation.

C. ventricular tachycardia (VT).

D. premature atrial contraction (PAC).

58. The patient with atrial fibrillation asks why she needs to take warfarin. The most informative response by the nurse is that warfarin will:

A. thin the blood to increase the ejection fraction.

B. prevent clots from forming in the atria.

C. block the arrhythmia from involving the ventricles.

D. increase the cardiac output.

59. The nurse caring for a patient who is taking amiodarone (Cordarone) will plan to assess the vital signs carefully for which common side effect?

A. Sudden increase in temperature

B. Hypotension

C. Bradycardia

D. Depressed ventilation

60. The nurse recognizes the disorganized ECG pattern of the most fatal of all arrhythmias as:

A. ventricular fibrillation.

B. premature ventricular beats.

C. atrial fibrillation.

D. ventricular tachycardia.

61. The nurse explains that the calcium channel blocker verapamil assists to correct an arrhythmia by:

A. “numbing” the heart to the impulse to contract.

B. increasing the strength of the impulse from the atrioventricular (AV) node.

C. altering the impulse from the sinoatrial (SA) node.

D. inhibiting transmission of the impulse from the AV node.

62. The nurse will instruct a patient with an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) to avoid:

A. static electricity from synthetic fabric.

B. airport security detection devices.

C. constricting clothing and belts.

D. highaltitudes.

63. The nurse caring for a patient with a temporary transvenous pacemaker will include which intervention?

A. Informing the patient that they may experience uncomfortable muscle contractions as current passes through the chest

B. Leaving the wires exposed for easy assessment

C. Using an electric razor with caution

D. Leaving the controls of the bed in easy reach

64. Which teaching point will the nurse include when providing discharge instructions to the patient with a new permanent pacemaker?

A. “You will be able to have an MRI for diagnostic purposes.”

B. “Avoid using microwave ovens.”

C. “Avoid lifting heavy objects for as long as your physician prescribes.”

D. “Airport screening devices may cause your pacemaker to fire incorrectly.”

65. The patient who is taking digitalis for his heart condition becomes extremely dehydrated and has scant urine output. The nurse will assess regularly for the complaint of:

A. left arm pain.

B. blurred vision.

C. itching.

D. increasing edema.

66. The nurse is caring for several patients on a cardiac care unit. The nurse is aware that the patient who is most likely to have the disorder of aortic stenosis is which patient?

A. 35 year old with a history of mitral valve prolapsed

B. 63 year old with uncontrolled diabetes

C. 73 year old with a history of hypertension

D. 86 year old with a history of atherosclerosis

67. The home health nurse is assessing the home-bound patient with heart failure. Which assessment finding is of most concern to the nurse?

A. The patient complains of moderate shortness of breath after walking 1 mile on the treadmill.

B. The nurse notes a 3-lb weight gain over the course of a week.

C. The patient reports an increase of heart rate of 10 beats per minute after vacuuming the floor.

D. The patient reports an increase in urinary output.

68. The nurse reminds the 60-year-old moderately obese African American hypertensive diabetic male who smokes that he can modify his risk for heart disease by: (Select all that apply.)

A. smoking cessation.

B. controlling diabetes.

C. exercising regularly.

D. reducing blood pressure.

E. reducing weight.

69. Of all the assessments the nurse has made on the new patient, those that may indicate heart failure are: (Select all that apply.)

A. flushed skin.

B. jugular distention.

C. weight gain but eating very little.

D. diminished pedal pulses.

E. wearing loose house shoes rather than street shoes.

70. The independent interventions the nurse may employ when the 80-year-old patient in the long-term health care facility develops acute pulmonary edema are to: (Select all that apply.)

A. give oxygen at 2 L/min.

B. give morphine to relieve respiratory distress.

C. give diuretics to relieve excess fluid.

D. position in high Fowler’s position.

E. apply compression stockings.

71. The nurse points out the characteristics of normal sinus rhythm (NSR), which are: (Select all that apply.)

A. one atrial contraction (P wave).

B. one ventricular contraction (QRS complex).

C. one T wave.

D. heart rate 60 to 100.

E. P wave following the QRS complex.

72. The nurse is aware that some arrhythmias may be the result of: (Select all that apply.)

A. hyperkalemia.

B. valvular prolapse.

C. infarct damage.

D. defectivesinoatrial node.

E. excess fluid.

73. The nurse is aware that certain risk factors increase the chance of a person developing cardiomyopathy. Which of the circumstances increase the risk for cardiomyopathy? (Select all that apply.)

A. Systemic hypertension

B. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption

C. Pregnancy

D. Diabetes

E. Systemic infection

Coronary Art Dis & Cardiac Surgery Practice Questions

74. The nurse explains that the pain of coronary artery disease (CAD) is related to:

A. congestion.

B. ischemia.

C. edema.

D. inflammation.

75. The nurse explains that following a myocardial infarction (MI), the pumping efficiency of the heart is altered because there is:

A. loss of impulse from the sinoatrial node.

B. necrosis of the myocardium.

C. diminished blood flow.

D. inflammation and swelling of the myocardium.

76. The patient was admitted with chest pain to rule out a myocardial infarction (MI). Which cardiac enzyme test is most indicative of an MI?

A. Troponin

B. Myoglobin

C. CPK

D. CK-MB

77. The post-myocardial infarction (MI) patient is placed on a low-fat diet as well as daily simvastatin (Zocor). The nurse instructs that while on this drug, the patient should:

A. have blood work every 2 months to check for liver damage.

B. drink grapefruit juice daily to help metabolize the drug.

C. take medication with a meal to diminish gastrointestinal discomfort.

D. report any rash on the face or neck to the physician.

78. The patient on a low-fat diet following a myocardial infarction (MI) states he can eat fish to help lower cholesterol because of its high content of:

A. fiber.

B. omega-3 fatty acids.

C. trans fat.

D. saturated fat.

79. The patient with angina asks what to do if the first nitroglycerin tablet (NGT) does not relieve the pain. What instruction by the nurse is correct?

A. “Take 2 tablets 10 minutes after the first dose and go to the ER if you are still having pain.”

B. “Take a second tablet 15 minutes after the first dose and call the physician if you are still having pain.”

C. “Take 2 more tablets 30 minutes apart, and then rest for 20 minutes.”

D. “Take 2 more tablets 5 minutes apart and notify the physician if your pain is not relieved.”

80. The nurse explains the difference between exertional angina and unstable angina is that unstable angina occurs:

A. on heavy exertion.

B. when the blood pressure increases sharply.

C. when the body reacts to high stress levels.

D. unpredictably, even in sleep.

81. The nurse suggests to the patient with angina that a daily dose of 81 mg of aspirin is an inexpensive therapy to help:

A. reduce clotting.

B. dilate coronary vessels.

C. alleviate pain associated with angina.

D. lower cholesterol.

82. Heart disease in women is manifested by a variety of subtle signs. Which sign is typically seen in women?

A. Fainting

B. Chest pain

C. Dizziness

D. Fatigue

83. The patient states that he had a cardiac catheterization 10 years ago and wonders if any of the postprocedure care has changed. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A. “We will only roll you to the same side as the catheter insertion site.”

B. “You will lay flat for several hours, and we will place a sandbag over the dressing in the groin.”

C. “You will most likely be up and about within about 2 hours after the procedure if your doctor uses an arterial closure device at the catheter insertion site.”

D. “We will encourage you to flex and extend your legs when you return from the procedure to prevent a clot from forming at the insertion site.”

84. The drug alteplase (t-PA) is given to the patient with a myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse is aware the drug will:

A. dissolve the obstruction in the coronary artery.

B. dilate vessels to relieve pain.

C. strengthen cardiac contraction.

D. increase cardiac output.

85. The nurse counsels a patient that the administration of thrombolytic drugs would be contraindicated in the patient who is:

A. hypotensive.

B. being treated for a bleeding ulcer.

C. presently taking warfarin (Coumadin).

D. prone to asthma attacks.

86. The nurse clarifies that the stool softener is given as a part of routine post-myocardial infarction (MI) care in order to prevent:

A. bradycardia from straining at stool.

B. fluid retention from retained bowel contents.

C. respiratory difficulty from abdominal distention.

D. discomfort from painful gas.

87. Following a cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography, the physician writes an order to increase the patient’s fluid intake. The nurse knows that increasing the fluid intake is ordered for what reason?

A. Reducing the nausea related to the dye absorption

B. Maintaining adequate blood pressure and perfusion

C. Diluting the urine to prevent kidney damage

D. Making up for fluid lost during the angiogram

88. The nurse assesses a friction rub in a patient who is 2 days post-myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse recognizes this finding as an indicator of:

A. a recurrent MI.

B. pleural effusion.

C. pericarditis.

D. angina.

89. The 60-year-old female in the post-coronary care unit confides to the nurse, “My life is over. I’ll never be able to care for my family, take a vacation, or work in my garden.” Which response by the nurse is most supportive?

A. “You are doing great! Of course you’ll be able to do all those things in a few weeks.”

B. “You may have to give up some things, but there are other activities you might enjoy.”

C. “You are feeling a little blue today. I’ll get you some medication to help your anxiety.”

D. “You sound a little down. Tell me what you think is going to keep you from those activities; we might be able to address the problems.”

90. The patient in the emergency room with a myocardial infarction (MI) becomes pale, diaphoretic, and hypotensive and complains of feeling cold. The nurse recognizes that these signs are which post-MI complication?

A. Cardiogenic shock

B. Pleural effusion

C. Ventricular fibrillation

D. Pulmonary embolus

91. Following patient teaching regarding a scheduled minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), the nurse determines the need for further instruction when the patient makes which statement?

A. “It frightens me to think that my heart will be stopped during surgery.”

B. “This surgery bypasses my artery that is blocked, and replaces it with sections of a vein or artery taken from another part of my body.”

C. “This surgery will hopefully control my angina since nothing else we have tried has worked.”

D. “I may come out of surgery with vessels removed from my legs.”

92. The patient being evaluated for a heart transplant asks the nurse what the survival rate is. Which is the correct response by the nurse?

A. “I’m not really sure. It is better if you ask your surgeon.”

B. “Every patient has different circumstances, but the average 5-year survival rate is 70%.”

C. “The survival rate is excellent. Almost all patients with a heart transplant live past 10 years.”

D. “There are not any really good statistics for me to give you an accurate estimate.”

93. The nurse reading admission data on a patient recognizes information that puts the patient at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Which characteristic place the patient at risk? (Select all that apply.)

A. 38-year-old African American

B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 120, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 68

C. Taking oral birth control pills

D. Nonsmoker for 10 years

E. Diagnosed with diabetes 2 years ago

94. The nurse instructs a patient that the pain of angina is due to ischemia of the myocardium, which is brought on by which factors? (Select all that apply.)

A. Exertion

B. Emotional excitement

C. Eating heavy meals

D. Exposure to cold

E. Allergic reaction

95. Herbs and supplements that have been found to lower cholesterol naturally are: (Select all that apply.)

A. garlic.

B. bananas.

C. oatmeal.

D. St. John’s wort.

E. soy products.

96. The nurse is aware that a positive diagnosis of a myocardial infarction (MI) is based on which diagnostic test results? (Select all that apply.)

A. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in the QRS complex

B. Elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDH)

C. Elevation of troponin levels

D. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count

E. Elevated T wave

97. The nurse clarifies that the MONA protocol for drug administration in the emergent stage of a myocardial infarction (MI) involves the use of which therapies? (Select all that apply.)

A. Aspirin

B. Morphine

C. Nitrates

D. Antibiotics

E. Oxygen

F. Anticoagulants

98. The nurse encourages the patient who has had a myocardial infarction (MI) to enroll in the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation service, which offers: (Select all that apply.)

A. diet counseling.

B. supervised progressive exercise.

C. stress reduction techniques.

D. sexual counseling.

E. administration of cardiotonic drugs.

99. During the acute phase following a myocardial infarction (MI), the nurse prepares for the possibility of the patient receiving a temporary pacemaker in which circumstance(s)? (Select all that apply.)

A. The patient’s heart rate continues to remain above 100 beats/minute.

B. The patient is experiencing continued angina pain.

C. The patient experiences complete heart block.

D. The patient’s systolic BP drops below 100 consistently.

E. The patient’s pulse rate remains below 40 beats/minute.