Choose the correct statement

25 Jun Choose the correct statement

Question
Name: _______________________________________________

_____ 1. Choose the correct statement

A. The left kidney is lower in the abdomen than the right

B. The right kidney is lower in the abdomen than the left

C. The kidneys are located supratentorially

D. The kidneys are not in the abdomen

E. The kidney receives less blood flow than the brain

_____ 2. You are in a severe car wreck and damage your renal hilum. How does this affect renal functioning?

A. Arterial flow is reduced, but not venous

B. Venous blood flow is reduced but not arterial

C. All functions are affected

D. Ureter is affected, but not arterial of venous

_____ 3. Which one of these is NOT a function of the kidneys

A. Control the life expectancy of RBC’s & WBC’s

B. Regulate plasma ion concentration

C. pH

D. Blood volume and blood pressure

_____ 4. Which item is seldom freely found in filtrate?

A. Water

B. Glucose

C. Large proteins

D. Amino acids

_____ 5. How does the osmolality of the kidneys change with location?

A. It gets more concentrated as you go from the outside to the center

B. It gets more concentrated as you go from the center to the outside

C. Maximum concentration is in the afferent arteriole

D. pH remains the same throughout the structures

_____ 6. Which one of these is/are not part of the tubule system?

A. Glomerulus

B. Collection duct

C. Loop pf Henle

D. PCT & DCT

_____ 7. You are born with a genetic abnormality: a reduced number of microvilli in the PCT. How is absorption affected?

A. Slows down the flow of filtrate

B. Slow down the production of filtrate

C. Slow down the absorption of filtrate

D. Will cause crowding for all the extra mitochondria that are present

_____ 8. You have a bleeding ulcer that breaks a big gastric blood vessel and drops your blood pressure. What does this do to GFR?

A. Increases

B. Decreases

C. No effect

D. What is GFR

_____ 9. The juxtaglomerular complex is the source for which of these compounds?

A. Aldosterone

B. Renin

C. Angiotensinogen

D. Cortisol

E. A, B & C

_____ 10. Water always follows sodium EXCEPT in the:

A. Cell membranes

B. Nuclear membranes

C. Collection ducts

D. Peritubular capillaries

_____ 11. One of these is NOT the function of the renal tubules. Choose which one.

A. Reabsorb organic nutrients

B. Reabsorb water

C. Secrete unwanted waste products

D. Maintain elevated intraglomerular blood pressure

_____ 12. Erythropoietin is released from the kidneys by the:

A. Macula Densa

B. Peripheral tubule

C. Vasa Recta

D. Pyelonephrotic junction junction

_____ 13. Define osmolality:

A. The directional movement of water

B. The ratio of sodium to potassium ions

C. How many compounds and ions are dissolved in how much water

D. The final deciding factor in an action potential propagation

_____ 14. When the renal threshold of a substance exceeds its tubular maximum:

A. More of the substance will be filtered

B. More of the substance will be reabsorbed

C. More of the substance will be secreted

D. The amount of the substance that exceeds the tubular maximum will be found in the urine

E. Both A & D occur

_____ 15. You are drinking a lot of water while you do this test. Your urine will have what specific gravity?

A. 1.003

B. 1.030

C. 1.025

D. Cloudy

_____ 16. The largest amount of water in the body is located where?

A. Intracellularly

B. Interstitially

C. Extracellularly

D. Interposotional

_____ 17. The main extracellular anion is:

A. Na

B. K

C. Cl

D. HPO4

_____ 18. The main intracellular cation is:

A. Na

B. K

C. Cl

D. HPO4

_____ 19. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

A. Diffusion refers only to the movement of water molecules

B. Osmosis is the facilitated transport by ATP powered ion pump channels

C. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water molecules

D. Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to high concentration

_____ 20. You are trapped in a lifeboat at sea with no water. You’re A&P professor said don’t drink sea water. Why?

A. Your blood becomes hypotonic, causing water to come out of your cells

B. Your blood becomes hypertonic, causing water to come out of your cells

C. Your blood becomes hypotonic, causing water to go into your cells

D. Your blood becomes hypertonic, causing water to go into your cells

_____ 21. The main organ that ultimately controls pH of the body is the:

A. Lungs

B. Lymphatic system

C. Kidney

D. Heart

_____ 22. Sodium reabsorption in the DCT and the cortical portion of the collection system is increased by secretion of:

A. ADH

B. Renin

C. Erythropoietin

D. Aldosterone

_____ 23. Neurohypophyseal secretion of ADH makes:

A. The amount of water reabsorbed increase

B. The collection system becomes impermeable to water

C. Action of mitochondria and ATP production increases

D. Sodium ions are exchanged for potassium

_____ 24. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means what?

A. Osmosis is a major factor

B. Ions can only pass through after the supply of ATP is depleted

C. They can control what ions are allowed to pass through

D. You need to stay away from high concentrations of radiation

_____ 25. Changes in solute concentration in a cell make what happen?

A. Water can go into a cell

B. Water can go out of a cell

C. Ions can go into a cell

D. Ions can go out of a cell

E. All are possible

_____ 26. Changes in fluid composition in the body first happen where

A. Right atrium

B. ECF

C. ICF

D. Interstitially

_____ 27. You have a bad reaction to a drug and destroy both your kidneys. How does this affect your aldosterone control of sodium?

A. Not at all since aldosterone comes from your adrenal glands

B. It causes your lungs to produce more angiotensinogen

C. Quite a bit because it means you no longer can make renin

D. Not much, but it makes your potassium levels become the driving factor in respiration

_____ 28. Your brain is producing small amounts of ADH. What values are your urine specific gravity, volume and concentration?

A. High, low, high

B. High, Low, Low

C. High, High, Low

D. Low, High, Low

_____ 29. Choose the true statement:

A. If daily gains of water are less that daily loss, you will become hypotonic

B. If daily gains of water are greater than daily loss, you will become hypotonic

C. Glucose follows salt

D. Glucose follows water

_____ 30. What is the renal Transport Maximum for a drug to treat the Stage Four Butt cancer you developed taking this test?

A. Varies on if the drug was given orally or as an injection

B. It would be high since this compound is not supposed to be in filtrate

C. There is not a value since this compound does not normally appear in your body

D. Depends on whether or not you have insurance

_____ 31. How do your afferent & efferent arterioles respond to low blood pressure?

A. Both dilate

B. Both constrict

C. Afferent constricts and efferent dilates

D. Efferent constricts and afferent dilates

_____ 32. The renal corpuscle is made of :

A. Macula densa & mesangial cells

B. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

C. PCT, Loop of Henle and DCT

D. Afferent & efferent arteriole

_____ 33. You are on Spring Break you volunteer in a 3rd world country and get cholera. How do your kidneys respond?

A. You are volume depleted from fluid loss, so it signals the heart to beat slower

B. You are volume and sodium depleted from diarrhea, so they release more renin

C. You have a metabolic acidosis from losing acid from vomiting, so they try to lose a bicarbonate ion

D. You have a metabolic alkalosis from losing acids from vomiting, so they try to reclaim extra acid ions

_____ 34. What effect would drinking a pitcher of Sports drink (like Gatorade) have on ADH levels?

A. Increase

B. Decrease

C. No effect

_____ 35. Which is more dangerous and why: problems in sodium or potassium balance?

A. Sodium because it can cause swelling

B. Sodium because it can cause dehydration

C. Potassium because it can affect the heart and nerves

D. Potassium because it can affect thyroid hormones

TRUE / / FALSE ( A = TRUE B = FALSE)

_____ 36. The goal of urine production is to maintain homeostasis

_____ 37. The kidneys will secrete the fat soluble compounds the liver cannot manage

_____ 38. Urine will become filtrate.

_____ 39. The cortical nephrons extend their Loops of Henle deep into the medulla.

_____ 40. Composition of the filtrate changes constantly throughout the tubules

_____ 41. The kidneys can function adequately with extremely high pressure conditions

_____ 42. In a healthy person, your body can go for hours without making any urine.

_____ 43. Dietary gains of water and electrolytes must equal daily loses

_____ 44. Osmotic gradients of sodium, potassium or chloride have little effect on the movement of water

_____ 45. Kidneys do not have autonomic innervation

_____ 46. There is a daily loss of fluid from the body due to skin and lungs

_____ 47. Camel humps are made of fat and are a good source of metabolic water production

_____ 48. Cells lining the PCT have minimal number of mitochondria because of the free flow of water

_____ 49. The Aquaporins are cells that line the PCT and affect water retention.

_____ 50. Only small proteins are easily removed by the countercurrent ion electrical gradient system