11 Jun Clayton BIOL 1111 – Exercise 1 Investigating Notifiable Infectious
Question
Douglas Cory Griffin
Spread of Contagion:
Exercise 1: Investigating Notifiable Infectious
Diseases in the United States
Data Table 1. Ranked Contagious Diseases.
Rank Disease name Incidence: Average (2007-2009) 1 Chlamydia 391.6 2 Gonorea 109.3 3 Syphilis 14.5 4 Pertussis 4.5 5 Tuberculosis 4.2 6 Hepatitis B 1.3 Data Table 2. Descriptions of Contagious Diseases.
Disease
Name Chlamydia Gonnorhea Pathogen Modes of
Transmission Symptoms Prevention Treatment Is the
Disease
Curable? The pathogen is
chlamydia
trachomatis Spread through
sex of any form Abnormal vagina
discharge, burning
sensation or both
testis when peeing Avoid sexual
intercourse Zithroma Yes through
antibiotics Spread through
sex of any form Burning when you
pee, white or
yellow, white or
green discharge
from your privates
and in men swollen
testis. Avoid having
sex but if so
wear protection Although
medication will
stop the
infection, it will
not repair any
permanent
damage done
by the disease. Antibiotics Neisseria
gonorrhea Syphillis Pertussis
(whooping
cough) Tuberculosis Hepatitis B Treponema
pallidum Sexual contact;
infection by other
means is possible,
but its occurrence
depends upon an
open wound or
lesion to permit
invasion of the
organisms. For men sores in
the privates. For
Women sores in
both inner and
outer of vagina. Practice safe
sex Yes but hard to
repair
permanent
damage left
from sores Penicillin
antibiotic &
Antibiotic pertussis It is spread from
person to person.
People with
pertussis usually
spread the disease
to another person
by coughing or
sneezing or when
spending a lot of
time near one
another where you
share breathing
space symptoms include
a runny nose, nasal
congestion, and
sneezing pertussis
vaccine will
help reduce the
chances of
getting this Dtap Vaccine Yes, through
antibiotic When symptoms
do occur, they
usually include
cough (sometimes
blood-tinged),
weight loss, night
sweats, and fever TB treatment
someone with
TB will very
quickly not be
infectious and
so can no
longer spread
the disease to
others. The
second main
part of TB
prevention is to
prevent people
with latent TB
from
developing
active, and
infectious, TB
disease. Patients with
active
symptoms will
require a long
course of
treatment
involving
multiple
antibiotics Yes, through
antibiotics Yellowing of the
eyes, abdominal
pain, and dark
urine. Some
people, particularly
children, don’t
experience any
symptoms. In
chronic cases, liver
failure, cancer, or
scarring can occur. Hepatitis B
vaccine, other
ways to protect
yourself from
HBV infection
include: If you
are sexually
active, practice
safe sex.
Correct use of
latex condoms
can help
prevent
transmission of
HBV. The condition
often clears up
on its own.
Chronic cases
need
medication and
possibly a liver
transplant. Yes through
the Antiviral
drug Mycobacterium
tuberculosis bloodborne
pathogens Cough, sneeze,
shout, or sing. TB
is spread from
person to person
through the air. Hepatitis B is
spread when
blood, semen, or
other body fluid
infected with the
Hepatitis B virus
enters the body of
a person who is not
infected. Questions
1. Define vaccine and describe two types of vaccines. How do vaccines work to protect the
body from disease? Vaccine is a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and
provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. 2 types
of vaccines are live attenuated and inactivated. The characteristics of live and inactivated vaccines
are different, and these characteristics determine how the vaccine is used. Live attenuated vaccines
are produced by modifying a disease-producing wild virus or bacteria in a laboratory. Vaccines
reduce the risk of infection by working with the body’s natural defenses to help it safely develop
immunity to disease A. What is the most common pathogenic microorganism you recorded in Data Table 1? What
is a type of treatment for this pathogen? I would say the whooping cough is the most
common, especially this time of year with the weather changing. I would say this because t can
be transmitted basically in any way and is hard to avoid. The type of treatment is either
antibiotics or the Dtap vaccine. B. According to Table 1, which diseases have had an overall incline in reported incidence from
1950 to 2009? Syphilis
C. Which diseases in Data Table 2 are not caused by microorganisms? Whooping cough Exercise 2: Modeling Disease Transmission
Data Table 3. Spread of Disease.
Hypothesis
Number of beverages
Number of people who began the exercise
with a contagious disease
Percent of people who began the exercise
with a contagious disease
Number of people who received a
contagious disease by the end of the
exercise
Percent of people who ended the exercise
with a contagious disease Questions
A. How did the results of the experiment compare to your hypothesis? B. Imagine you are 1 of the people who left the luncheon with a contagious disease and
interacted with an average of 9 different people each day. How many people could
potentially be infected in 7 days?
C. Imagine the other remaining persons who received the contagious disease at the end of the
luncheon interacted with an average of 6 different people per day. How many people could
potentially be infected in 7 days by these others who left the luncheon?
D. If the contagious individual at the mock luncheon had not shared beverages or food, might
others still have contracted the disease- causing microorganism?
E. How can the spread of disease-causing microorganisms be prevented through regular hand washing and cleaning of shared surfaces?
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