Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush

11 Jun Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush

Question
TISSUES

True / False

1. Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

2. Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

3. In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

4. The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

5. Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

6. The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

7. Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

8. Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

9. Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

10. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.

11. Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.

12. Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

13. Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

14. Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

15. Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

16. Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

Multiple Choice

17. The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except

A. connective. B. fibrous. C. nervous. D. epithelial. E. muscular.

18. _______________ lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs.

A. Interstitial tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Epithelial tissue E. Nervous tissue

19. An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________

A. stratified squamous. B. stratified cuboidal. C. Simple cuboidal. D. simple columnar. E. pseudostratified columnar.

20. The basement membrane is found between

A. pithelium and connective tissue. B. epithelium and extracellular material. C. epithelium and intracellular material.

D. extracellular material and intracellular material. E. interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid.

21. ______________ epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs.

A. Simple squamous B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous-keratinized E. Stratified squamous-nonkeratinized

22. Most kidney tubules are made of this tissue specialized for absorption and secretion.

A. simple columnar epithelium B. stratified columnar epithelium C. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

D. simple cuboidal epithelium E. stratified cuboidal epithelium.

23. ________________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas _______________ epithelium is rare.

A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous D. Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous

E. Stratified squamous; simple squamous

24 _____________ cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes.

A. Basement membrane B. Simple C. Basal D. Keratinized E. Goblet

25. A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________.

A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esophagus C. simple columnar; small intestine

D. stratified squamous; anal canal E. stratified squamous; esophagus

26. All cells in this tissue reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal

E. stratified squamous

27. __________________ epithelium found in the bladder resembles ______________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

A. Transitional; stratified squamous B. Stratified squamous; pseudostratified C. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

D. Simple columnar; pseudostratified E. Transitional; simple cuboidal

28. _______________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________________.

A. Transitional; tongue B. Keratinized; tongue C. Nonkeratinized; skin

D. Keratinized; skin E. Nonkeratinized; vagina

29. __________________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

A. Simple columnar; transitional B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified

D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

30. These features are common to all connective tissues except

A. most cells are not in direct contact with each other.

B. interstitial fluid is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

C. cells usually occupy less space than extracellular material.

D. protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.

E. most of them are highly vascular.

31. __________________ tissue is highly vascular, whereas _______________ is not.

A. Epithelial; cartilage B. Muscular; osseous tissue C. Dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue

D. Areolar; cartilage E. Nervous; osseous tissue

32. These are features that fibrous connective tissues have in common except

A. very conspicuous fibers. B. the presence of fibroblasts. C. the presence of collagen.

D. ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency. E. a calcified matrix.

33. The shape of a person’s external ear is given by

A. dense regular connective tissue. B. dense irregular connective tissue. C. elastic cartilage.

D. fibrocartilage. E. ligaments.

34. These are all types of fibrous connective tissues except

A. reticular tissue. B. hyaline cartilage. C. dense regular connective tissue.

D. dense irregular connective tissue. E. areolar tissue.

35. New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in

A. blood. B. fibrous connective tissue. C. adipose tissue. D. reticular tissue. E. transitional tissue.

36. __________________ secrete the rubbery matrix of cartilage, whereas ________________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

A. Chondroblasts; plasma cells B. Mast cells; fibroblasts C. Osteocytes; chondroblasts

D. Chondroblasts; fibroblasts E. Adipocytes; plasma cells

37. All these substances account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance except

A. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). B. proteoglycans. C. chondroitin sulfate.

D. hyaluronic acid. E. collagen.

38. Collagenous fibers are very abundant in

A. blood and hyaline cartilage. B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue.

C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin.

D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.

E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones.

39. Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both

A. dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues. B. plasma and formed elements.

C. elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage. D. spongy bone and compact (dense) bone.

E. adipose tissue and reticular tissue.

40. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, such as

A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system. B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance.

C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure. D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments.

E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction.

41. __________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

A. Blood B. Areolar tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Adipose tissue

42. In the intestine, __________________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

A. plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions E. ground substance

43. The membrane that lines digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of

A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue.

B. areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.

C. epithelium and lamina propria.

D. areolar tissue and lamina propria.

E. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue.

44. This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.

A. lamina propria B. endothelium C. synovial membrane D. serous membrane (serosa) E. mucous membrane (mucosa)

45. Macrophages __________________ in the healing of a skin wound.

A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area

B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers

C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris

D. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply

E. make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area

46. The presence of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels would indicate ________.

A) cartilage tissue, B) fibrocartilaginous tissue, C) osseous tissue, D) areolar tissue

47. Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by ________.

A) dense microvilli, B) a rich vascular supply,C) fibroblasts, D) cilia

48. A single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes is ________.

A) simple transitional,B) simple columnar,C) simple squamous, D) simple cuboidal

49. Which statement best describes connective tissue?

A) usually contains a large amount of matrix, B) always arranged in a single layer of cells

C) primarily concerned with secretion , D) usually lines a body cavity

50. Matrix is ________.

A) cells and fibers , B) fibers and ground substance, C) ground substance and cells, D) composed of all organic compounds

51. Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except: ________.

A) chondrocytes, B) fibroblasts , C) macrophages, D) mast cells

52. The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

A) elastic fiber, B) collagen fiber, C) reticular fiber , D) muscle fiber

53. Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ________.

A) organ, B) tissue, C) organism, D) organ system

54. Which of the following is true about epithelia?

A) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion.

B) Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration.

C) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

D) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.

55. Chondroblasts ________.

A) are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae

B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

C) located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage

D) never lose their ability to divide

56. The three main components of connective tissue are ________.

A) ground substance, fibers, and cells, B) alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells

C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers, D) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts

57. Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

A) Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers.

B) When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back.

C) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.

D)Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures.

58. Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

A) Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. B) Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells.

C) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

D) Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.

59. Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

A) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix. B) Its primary function is nutrient storage.

C) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.

60. ________ are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells.

A) Goblet cells, B) Mast cells, C)Macrophages , D) Cilia

Figure 4.2

Using Figure 4.2, match the following:

61. Simple cuboidal epithelium.

62. Simple squamous epithelium.

Match the following:

A) Cutaneous membrane, B) Serous membrane, C) Mucous membrane, D) Endothelium

63. The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.

64. The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.

65. Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

66. Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.

67. Makes up the pleura and pericardium.

68. Lines blood vessels and the heart.

Fill-in-the-Blank

69. ________ tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.

70. Osteocytes exist in a tiny void called a ________.

71. Kidney tubules are composed of ________ epithelium.

72. All epithelial tissue rests upon a ________ composed of connective tissue.

FIND THE RIGHT ANSWER AND EXPLAIN.

1. Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.

2. Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

3. Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have

A. hyperextensible joints. B. a small cranium. C. elastic bones. D. stronger bones. E. viscous blood.

4. The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ________.

A) hydroxyapatite crystals, B) collagen fibers, C) reticular fibers , D) elastic fibers

5. Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

A) simple squamous, B) transitional , C) simple columnar, D) stratified squamous