02 Oct Demographic and Theoretical
i need report about a chart of two state that already been meed to present full report on the 2 states comparative demography and answers of this assignment in detail.
Demographic and Theoretical Notes
Infant Mortality Rates are broadly used as an indicator of community health. African American mothers suffer one of the highest rates in the U.S. The decline in death rates in rural areas, without a commensurate drop in the birth rate has led to overpopulation in rural areas. The increase in birth rates, however, is often offset by high infant mortality rates. The increase in Hispanic migrants may play a significant role in reshaping the population characteristics and dynamics in the long run.
The recent increase in employment, compared to previous years, indicates promising economic improvement; still, other economic problems need appropriate solutions. The impact of migrant employment goes hand in hand with the increase in construction and other market production.
Long disenfranchisement of African Americans and their proportion as a minority continues to handicap political progression. Political parties help structure voting choice by nominating candidates to run for office. Where winner-take-all election prevails, third parties have been notably less successful. More organizational efforts to bring together the Independent voters to assemble governing coalitions may resolve some of the representation problems.
Theoretical Discussion
The applicable theories of major population problems center on the Malthusian theory that humans increase rapidly by the urge to reproduce more than the food supply does since plants and nonhuman animals would not grow exponentially. Poverty is an inevitable result of population growth. Unless this incalculable growth is checked by moral restraint, population problems will be insurmountable. The neo-Malthusians criticize the value of moral constrain, but they agree with the other elements of the theory.
The Marxian perspective preferred to view human activity as the product of a particular social and economic environment. Each society at each point in history has its own law of populations that determines the consequences of population growth. For capitalism, the consequences are overpopulation and poverty, whereas for socialism population growth is readily absorbed by the economy with no side effects. Marxists believe that science and technology has the ability to increase the availability of food and other goods. Poverty cannot be blamed on the poor. Poverty is the result of capitalism as a well-organized society for each worker is producing more than he or she required. Because the owners of factories keep part of the workers’ wages as payment for the tools they used for production, the lower wages and the poorer workers will be. In addition, capitalism continues to use the labor of the working class to replace it by machines, leading to unemployment and poverty.
Marx critics note that Marx hasn’t offered guidelines for the transition from capitalism to socialism where there would be no population problem. In communist China, the ruling party organized efforts to control population by relaxing regulations concerning contraception and abortion. Moving against Marx ideas, China resorted to restrain marriages, the Malthusian solution, and contraception, the neo-Malthusian solution besides abortion.
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