devry bios255n full course

13 Jun devry bios255n full course

Question

The Heart (graded)
The human heart is a four-chambered hydraulic pump. A hydraulic pump uses differences in pressure to move material from areas of higher pressures to areas of lower pressures. The pressure differences created by the heart move blood between the chambers and the circulatory systems. Let’s begin our discussion by identifying the chambers of the heart and their functions, the associated valves, and the names and general route of their associated great vessels.

The Contraction Cycle (graded)
The contraction cycle of the heart is the series of events that occurs during one heartbeat. Each beat of the heart includes the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the atria and then the ventricles. Let’s begin the examination of this cycle by discussing electrical conduction through the heart.

week 2

Blood Vessel Structure (graded)
Let’s start by discussing the structure of our blood vessels. Let’s each take a characteristic of (1) arteries, (2) veins, or (3) capillaries. Build upon what your classmates say to enable us to have a more full understanding of these vessels that are essential for our existence.

Blood Flow Dynamics (graded)
Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle in any given minute. Cardiac output must be maintained in order to keep sufficient blood flow through the capillaries. Identify the factors that directly affect blood flow in the circulatory system.

wek 3

week 3

Whole Blood (graded)
Describe the composition, physical characteristics, and functions of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a connective tissue.

Liquid Connective Tissue (graded)
Explain the similarities and differences among serum, lymph, and plasma. Each student should take one characteristic of the fluid, extracellular component of this connective tissue and explain how it relates to the other liquids.

week4

The Lymphatic System (graded)
How do the various components of the lymphatic system operate? We have talked about many organ systems. In what ways are components of the lymphatic system involved in many other organ systems? Try to focus on one element of this system and provide an in-depth view of its contribution to our overall health.

Nonspecific Immunity (graded)
How do the various elements of the nonspecific immune system function in providing daily protection against a variety of pathogens? Each student should provide a unique aspect of the nonspecific immune system and educate the rest of us concerning its function and how effective (or ineffective) it is against one class of pathogens.

weeek 5
B and T Cells (graded)
Our knowledge and understanding of the various forms of lymphocytes continue to expand. Our initial discussion this week will be on the various forms of B and T cells — each of us should take one class of lymphocytes and explain it’s role in the adaptive immune process. As you comment on other students’ postings be sure to add additional insight into the mechanisms of the subclass of cell and its interactions with both components of the innate and other aspects of the adaptive immune system.

Vaccinations – Friend or Foe (graded)
Recently a number of individuals have claimed that adjuvants, such as thymersol in vaccines, lead to the development of a variety of disorders, such as autism. Although these initial claims have not been substantiated and have since been withdrawn from the scientific literature, the concern continues today. How would you counsel parents concerning vaccination? Discuss the issue of herd immunity and the risks in our modern society related to refusal to provide vaccinations.

week 6

Respiratory Anatomy (graded)
Describe the anatomy and histology of the respiratory system and how each of the functions are related.

Breathing (graded)
Describe the events that cause inhalation and exhalation and how Boyle’s law relates to the events.

week 7

Transport of Gases (graded)
Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood, and explain how their loading and unloading is affected by temperature, pH, BPG, and PCO2.

Respiratory Diseases (graded)
Compare the causes and consequences of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Once we have made these comparisons then we should follow up on other disorders that affect either the upper or lower respiratory systems. Be sure to comment on others postings in terms of new information that can contribute to a more complete understanding of the diseases you pick.

midterm

Question 1. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following is a major function of blood?

Student Answer: production of enzymes

production of neurotransmitters

transduction of pressure

transportation of heat

contractility

Comments:

Question 2. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by anti-A serum but not by anti-B serum nor by anti-Rh serum

Student Answer: B negative

B positive

O negative

O positive

A negative

Comments:

Question 3. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following formed elements in blood only temporarily move through the blood before they become fixed in the tissues as macrophages?

Student Answer: erythrocytes

thrombocytes

monocytes

basophils

eosinophils

Comments:

Question 4. Question : (TCO3) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production from the stomach results in a condition called

Student Answer: hemorrhagic anemia

aplastic anemia

megaloblastic anemia

pernicious anemia

iron deficiency anemia

Comments:

Question 5. Question : (TCO3) Serum is

Student Answer: the same as plasma

plasma without the clotting factors

the same as lymph

formed during the first step in blood clotting

pulmonary interstitial fluid

Comments:

Question 6. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to T-cells?

Student Answer: myeloid stem cells

meyloblasts

lymphoid stem cells

proerythroblast

megakaryoblast

Comments:

Question 7. Question : (TCO3) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?

Student Answer: heparin

fibrinogen

plasmin

antithrombin

prostacyclin

Comments:

Question 8. Question : (TCO3) Myeloid stem cells reside in

Student Answer: the blood

the yellow marrow

the thymus gland

the red marrow

the spleen

Comments:

Question 9. Question : (TCO1) The tough, inelastic dense connective tissue that surrounds the heart is called the

Student Answer: endocardium

pleura

serous pericardium

fibrous pericardium

epicardium

Comments:

Question 10. Question : (TCO1) During heart transplants, the ______ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant

Student Answer: glossopharyngeal

cardiac accelerator

vagus

phrenic

cervical spinal

Comments:

Question 11. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following factors lead to depressed cardiac output?

Student Answer: acidosis

alkalosis

hypoxia

all of the above

none of the above have any depressive effects on the heart

Comments:

Question 12. Question : (TCO1) If a person’s resting heart rate is 70 and their resting stroke volume is 60 ml of blood, then their cardiac output is _______ L/min

Student Answer: 10

4200

4.2

130

1.3

Comments:

Question 13. Question : (TCO1) The purpose of the foramen ovale during fetal life is to

Student Answer: have the blood bypass the stomach

have the blood bypass the liver

have the blood bypass the lungs

have the blood bypass the placenta

have the blood bypass the brain

Comments:

Question 14. Question : (TCO1) Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart.

Student Answer: valves

myocardium

SA node

AV node

endocardium

Comments:

Question 15. Question : (TCO1) Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) waves represents ventricular repolarization?

Student Answer: R wave

Q wave

P wave

S wave

T wave

Comments:

Question 16. Question : (TCO1) Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulated heart rate?

Student Answer: midbrain

cerebrum

medullar oblongata

cerebellum

thalamus

Comments:

Question 17. Question : (TCO1) Which layer of the heart is comprised of epithelial cells?

Student Answer: myocardium

epicardium

endocardium

pericardium

serous pericardium

Comments:

Question 18. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories of hypertensive drugs lower blood pressure by blocking the formation of angtiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

Student Answer: diuretics

ACE inhibitors

Beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

anabolic steroids

Comments:

Question 19. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

Student Answer: normal

high normal

prehypertension

stage 1 hypertension

stage 2 hypertension

Comments:

Question 20. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

Student Answer: adrenal cortex releases aldosterone

kidneys conserve salt and water

heart rate increases

systemic arterioles vasodilate

heart contractility increases

Comments:

Question 21. Question : (TCO2) Which of the following blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?

Student Answer: carotid artery

internal jugular vein

median cubital vein

inferior vena cava

none of the above

Comments:

Question 22. Question : (TCO2) During fetal development, the blood from the pulmonary veins are shunted into the pulmonary arteries by the

Student Answer: ductus arteriousus

foramen ovale

ductus venosus

placenta

ligamentum arteriosum

Comments:

Question 23. Question : (TCO2) Most capillaries throughout the body are

Student Answer: fenestrated capillaries

sinusoids

portal systems

vasoconstrictory throughputs

continuous

Comments:

Question 24. Question : (TCO2) Capillaries are also referred to as

Student Answer: exchange vessels

vasoconstrictors

vasodilators

pressure reservoirs

distributing vessels

Comments:

Question 25. Question : (TCO2) The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic blood vessels in one minute is called

Student Answer: stroke volume

tidal volume

cardiac output

cardiac reserve

total peripheral resistance

Comments:

Question 26. Question : (TCO3) What is the pulse pressure of a person that has a systolic pressure of 150 mm Hg with a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg?

Comments:

Question 27. Question : (TCO3) Determine the mean arterial pressure for a patient with an average systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg with a mean diastolic pressure of 60 mm Hg:

Comments:

Question 28. Question : (TCO3) What is the resting cardiac output (in liters) of an athlete with a stroke volume of 75 ml and a resting heart rate of 60 beats/minute?

Question 29. Question : (TCO3) The same athlete during exercise has a heart rate of 180 beats/minute with an increase of stroke volume to 125 ml. What is their cardiac output during exercise?

Question 30. Question : (TCO3) What is the cardiac cycle for a person with a resting heart rate of 80 beats per minute?

Question 31. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

Question 32. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the pelvic organs and pelvic muscle walls with oxygenated blood?

Question 33. Question : (TCO3) What are the names of the sinuses that drain the brain?

Question 34. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of the major vein that drains into the right femoral vein from the leg and is one of the longest veins in the human body?

Question 35. Question : (TCO3) What is the name of this blood vessel that is highlighted?

Question 36. Question : (TCO3) List and describe the functions of the major components of the blood plasma

Question 37. Question : (TCO1) Discuss the common nutrient sources used by cardiac muscle to produce ATP in a resting individual.

Question 38. Question : (TCO2) Describe the vessel wall characteristics of the five main types of blood vessels that blood travels through from the time it leaves the left ventricle until it returns to the right atrium.

BIOS255 Week 1 Lab Exercise 27: Heart Structure and Function

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BIOS255 Week 2 Lab 2
Bios 225 Week 2 Lab Exercise

Review of the Arteries

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Review of the Veins

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BIOS225 Week 3 Lab ExercisesReview of the Major Veins of the Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis

1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11. 12.13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18.19. 20.

Review of Major Arteries of the Lower Limb1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.

Review of Major Veins of the Lower Limb
1. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.10. 11.

BIOS 255 WEEK 5 Lab 5 –

Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance

1.Describe lymphatic system functions.

.jpg” alt=”LymphaticVessels2″>2. Locate each of the following lymphatic vessels:

right lymphatic duct, thoracic (left lymphatic) duct,

.gif”>.gif”>.gif”>right and left subclavian veins, and cisterna chyli.

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d.

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e. Determine the direction of blood and lymph movement between arterioles, blood and lymph capillaries, and venules.

f. Describe the lymphatic system role with regard to lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins.

3. What are the thymus gland functions?

4. Identify each of the following in a lymph node: afferent lymphatic vessels and efferent vessels.

.jpg” alt=”LymphNode”> a.

.gif”>.gif”>b.

c. What is the function of the macrophages within the lymph nodes?

d. Identify spleen functions..jpg” alt=”Spleen”>

.jpg” alt=”Cytolysis2″>

5. T Lymphocytes:Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce perforin. What is the function of perforin?

.jpg” alt=”Lymphotoxin”>

6. Some activated cytotoxic T cells produce Lymphotoxin. What is the function of lymphotoxin?

.jpg” alt=”Antibodies”>7. Activated B Lymphocytes are transformed into plasma cells that produce antibodies. Name five ways antibodies can destroy foreign cells and substances.