30 Jun Differentiate between Endo- and Exotoxins
Question Description
When you are ready, respond to the topic below. Use email mcgillpetal@yahoo.com and password Bcm12345!! to login to access to Kaplan bookshelf to complete assignment.
Please review the Discussion Board grading rubric in the course Syllabus. Discussion responses should be on topic, original, and contribute to the quality of the Discussion by making frequent informed references to lesson materials and Seminars. Initial Discussion responses should be around 100 words. Responses to your classmates or instructor should be around 50 words.
There is one topic to respond to this week. Respond to the topic and provide two or more responses to classmates that are thoughtful and advance the Discussion.
(You can access this Discussion by clicking Discussion under Unit 4).
Toxins
Differentiate between Endo- and Exotoxins. Using specific examples of bacteria, explain how the toxins they produce contribute to the virulence of those organisms.
DISCUSSION BOARD #1
Exotoxin is a bacterial metabolic poison that is composed of protein that is released to the environment; in the human body, it can affect various organs and systems. Endotoxin is a metabolic poison that is produced by gram-negative bacteria which are part of the bacterial cell wall and consequently are released on cell disintegration. Endotoxin is composed of lipidpolysaccharide-peptide complexes.
C-diff is an example of an exotoxin bacterium. Gene location is chromosomal and the diseases it can cause are colitis and pseudomembranous colitis. The effects it can cause are mucosal lining destruction and diarrhea.
Typhoid fever is an example of an endotoxin bacterium. Endotoxins may have similar toxic effects. They can experience high body temperature, body aches and weakness, and diarrhea. Endotoxin shock may occur due to surrounding tissue edema, drop in blood pressure, and an individual may be in a coma.
Reference:
Pommerville, J. C. (2014). Fundamentals of Microbiology, 10th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/97812840470…
DISCUSSION BOARD #2
There are two different types of toxins Endo and Exotoxins. They have some things in common , but at the same time they are quite different. Exotoxins, “are heat-sensitive protein molecules, manufactured during bacterial metabolism” ( Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). They are either released to the environment or injected into the host cell by a wide variety of ways. There are three main types : cytotoxins, toxins main job and ability is to kill cells one example of this is ,”Diphtheria is a disease caused by another cytotoxin, which, in this case, blocks protein synthesis in the cells containing the toxin” (Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). The next type is neurotoxins ,toxins that miss with the signals of the nerve system, an example of this is ,”Clostridium botulinum is among the most lethal toxins known. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the synaptic junction, a process leading to botulism” (Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). One interesting thing about Clostridium botulinum is even though it is one of the most lethal toxins many people choose to inject it there face in the form of botox. I rather keep my wrinkles , but that is just me. The last exotoxin is enterotoxins, ” are exotoxins that affect the intestinal tract. These protein toxins kill cells by altering membrane permeability of the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall or damaging the mucosal lining” (Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). One example of enterotoxins is C. difficile-related infections. I know I have brought it up is past discussions , but one way they try to cure C.diff is through cross planting someone else stool into the person with c.diff and hope the good bacteria is able to fight off the bad, but I am sure this is only in extreme cases. The other type of Toxin is Endotoxins , “They are a structural component in the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacilli and are part of the lipopolysaccharide(LPS) complex”. (Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). They cause similar symptoms like exotoxins,but instead of being released or injected they are part of the cell wall . Endotoxins go about it in a different way , “They function by activating a blood-clotting factor to initiate blood coagulation and by influencing the complement system”.(Pommerville, J.C. 2014, P. 645). The main example of this is the plague , and even if you have antibiotic treatment you could cause the patient more harm than good because when the cells with the endotoxins die they release it ,that could result in endotoxin shock. One thing working in the medical field is any shock is bad because you are already behind the 8 ball with treatment , but reading in the book it says your blood pressure is already dropping, which is a sign of decompensated shock which is a form of shock that your body has already started giving up and time is not on your side. Once some one is at this stage is is hard to get them back to normal and could result it death or coma. Any added toxin to an organism is going to give the organism the ability to cause disease, which contributes to the virulence of the organism.
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Writedemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.