26 Jul DOES IT PROMOTE THEORY TESTING OR DEVELOPMENT?
Which one of the choices below best reflects the problem statement for the RAC article? (select all that apply)
a. Sleep is studied either subjectively through self-report or by objective measures.
b. There is a lack of actigraphy studies estimating patients’ objective sleep patterns after a stroke.
c. Sleep disruption can be a problem after stroke.
d. To our knowledge, subjective and objective sleep measures have not been compared during recovery in people with stroke.
2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for this research study?
a. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
b. Whether or not there are gender differences in sleep patterns in the stroke population is also not known.
c. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare sleep, using subjective and objective measures, in the acute phase and at 6 months follow-up; (2) to examine these data for gender differences.
d. Sleep disruption can be a problem after stroke.
3. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study? (Select all that apply.)
a. Does it influence nursing practice?
b. Does it build on previous research?
c. Does it promote theory testing or development?
d. Does it address nursing research priorities?
e. Does it identify extraneous variables?
f. Does it consider ethical principles in its design?
4. When considering the feasibility of a study, Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following
statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?
a. The authors have credentials to design and conduct research.
b. No sources of funding were identified for this study.
c. Evidence of protection of the subject’s rights was not mentioned in this article.
d. The sample size was not adequate and the researchers had very little access to subjects
for this study.
Questions 5 – 7: Review of the Literature. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 6 & 12.)
5. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):
a. Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem
b. Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem
c. Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built
d. To describe the abstract of the study in more detail
6. Select three major topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:
a. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
b. Sleep is studied either subjectively through self-report or by objective measures.
c. The sample size was not adequate and the researchers had very little access to subjects for this study.
d. Men have poorer sleep quality than women.
e. Women have poorer sleep quality than men.
f. Sleep may affect stroke rehabilitation.
7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (as found in the Introduction and Background for this article) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that have been published within the past 5 years. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 13
d. 17
Questions 8 – 9: Study Framework. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 7 & 12)
8. Which of these statements best describes this study’s framework?
a. This study has an implicit framework, which is not fully developed or explained in the ROL.
b. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the theoretical basis of this study.
c. The Biobehavioral Model of Altered Dysregulation in Circadian Systems theory is used to describe the sleep-wake disturbances for this study.
d. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 is the criteria for a theoretical framework described in this study.
9. What are the key concepts in this study’s framework?
a. Polysomnography is the gold standard for obtaining subjective measures of sleep.
b. Pain worsens sleep quality.
c. This study does not have any clearly defined concepts within a framework because it is an implicit framework.
d. There is a poor survival rate of stroke patients and many have sequelae.
Questions 10 – 14: Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses and research variables. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 5 & 12)
10. The authors state: “The aims of this study were: (1) to compare sleep, using subjective and objective measures, in the acute phase after stroke and at 6-month follow-up; (2) to examine these data for gender differences.” Is this best described as a
a. Research question
b. Research objective
c. Research hypothesis
d. None of the above.
11. Identify two of the MAJOR study variables:
a. Sleep environment
b. Sleep in the acute phase after stroke
c. Gender differences
d. Cohort study
12. What is the conceptual definition (as defined in the review of the literature) of the following study variable: sleep quality
a. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) defines sleep quality.
b. Polysomnography is the gold standard for obtaining objective measures of sleep.
c. Actigraphy estimates sleep-wake patterns.
d. The sleep patterns that promote energy and capacity for participating in rehabilitation.
13. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: sleep quality
a. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) defines sleep quality.
b. The sleep patterns that promote energy and capacity for participating in rehabilitation.
c. The number of awakenings and wake time increase with age.
d. Women have longer sleep times.
14. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (select all that
apply)
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Number of children
d. Diagnosis
e. Number of awakenings
f. No demographic variables were assessed by the authors.
Questions 15- 18: Research Design (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 1, 8, & 12)
15. Which phrase best describes the research design of this study? (Hint: Although the author uses different words to describe their study than the designs mentioned in the textbook, which textbook design comes closest to the design described in the study?)
a. Descriptive
b. Comparative Descriptive
c. Correlational
d. Quasi-experimental
e. Experimental
f. Mixed methods
16. Why is this study considered longitudinal?
a. The subjects are not monitored throughout the study period.
b. Data collection took place at the beginning of the study and after 6 months.
c. The subjects were in rehabilitation for a long time.
d. Data was collected at one point in time on the subjects.
17. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?
a. The questionnaires used in the study may be considered to be a treatment or intervention.
b. This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention.
c. 100 patients were invited to participate in the intervention.
d. Polysomnography is the intervention used in this study.
18. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot study was done prior to conducting this study?
a. Yes
b. No
RAC 2
Questions 1 – 8 Sample. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters: 9 & 12)
1. What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study?
a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. convenience sampling
d. network sampling
e. none of the above
2. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015), what are the potential biases of this sampling method?
a. this is a strong probability sampling method with very little potential for bias
b. this method is used when an ordered list of all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not equal chance for inclusion in the study.
c. this method provides little opportunity to control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they happen to be in the right place at the right time.
d. this method is specific to the individuals who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others who don’t share these types of experiences.
e. none of the above biases best describe the sampling method chosen by the author.
3. What was the final sample size reported by the authors for this study?
a. 1002 nurses
b. 40 nurses
c. 309 nurses
d. 240 nurses
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