15 Jun Electrophoresis (DNA) Lab Report
Question
Electrophoresis (DNA) Lab Report
General Concepts
1. How does gel electrophoresis sort DNA fragments?
2. If each individual has such a small amount of DNA, how do the bands on the gel contain
enough DNA to be visible?
3. Many genes only have a few possible alleles. For example, humans only have a few eye colors
and only four blood types. How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many men
have brown eyes or type A blood?
Experiment-Specific Questions
Lab Part 3: Analyzing the Results
1. List the distances traveled (in mm) for the bands in the DNA Ladder in the table below.
Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the
1,000 bp fragments while the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp fragments.
DNA Ladder
Band Distance (mm)
50 bp
100 bp
150 bp
200 bp
250 bp
300 bp
400 bp
500 bp
600 bp
700 bp
800 bp
900 bp
1,000 bp
2. The DNA fragments from each subject contains one inherited allele. Therefore, there should be
two bands in each lane, one representing the allele inherited from the subject’s father and one
inherited from the subject’s mother.
List the distances traveled by each band in each lane, along with estimates for their sizes based
on the DNA Ladder in the Answers below.
Mother’s Bands
Distance (mm) Size (bp)
Band #1
Band #2
Child’s Bands
Distance (mm) Size (bp)
Band #1
Band #2
Alleged Father #1’s Bands
Distance (mm) Size (bp)
Band #1
Band #2
Alleged Father #2’s Bands
Distance (mm) Size (bp)
Band #1
Band #2
3. The child should have inherited one of its alleles from her mother. Which band is it?
Hint: Identify it by noting which band is the same bp for both mother and daughter.
4. Is this band present in either of the alleged father’s DNA? If it were, how would that complicate
identifying the father?
5. The child’s other band is the one that was inherited from her father. Which alleged father, if any,
can be definitively ruled out from being the child’s biological father? This man is the one with
neither band matching the child’s. Of the two men, is there one who is likely the father?
6. Forensic scientists are trying to match suspects to a DNA sample left at the scene of a crime. The
sample from the crime scene has 900 bp and 260 bp bands. The scientists have DNA samples
from four suspects:
o Suspect I has 900 bp and 540 bp bands
o Suspect II has 840 bp and 260 bp bands
o Suspect III has 900 bp and 260 bp bands
o Suspect IV has 730 bp and 380 bp bands.
Which suspect is most probably the criminal?
7. John Doe has two possible fathers. John Doe’s mother has 850 bp and 400 bp bands. John Doe
has 680 bp and 400 bp bands. Possible Father I has 680 bp and 500 bp bands. Possible Father
II has 680 bp and 280 bp bands. Can you identify John Doe’s father?
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