20 Jul EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
Nursing Theory Discussions
Master’s
1 page
Discipline: – Nursing
Type of service: Essay
Spacing: Double spacing
Paper format: APA
Number of sources: 6 sources
Paper details:
Please answer with 75 words each discussion and number each answer.
APA style
6 references 2 for each answer
See attachment with Number discussions
Discussion#1
Advance Nurse Practitioners are able to work in different settings like Hospitals, Emergency departments, Urgent Care centers, clinics, nurse-managed medical centers, phone triage centers and rural health care facilities. Some Nurse Practitioners specialized in areas as women health, pediatrics, school health, psychiatry, neonatology, and oncology. Others work in specialties private practices, and in-patients units. ARNP can work in governmental positions, nursing homes, and internationally. We can see ARNP as researchers, consultants, educators, policy experts, and excellent clinicians. The main four roles of nurse practitioners include nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners, and clinical nurse specialists. Nurse Practitioners can work in rural and urban areas. Rural areas care facilities are usually the only medical facilities within hundreds of miles and serve smaller populations who really need it.
Nurse Practitioners have different roles in the community. One of the most important roles is the prevention care. Prevention allows better results, and help communities to live healthier, and longer. We need to consider that many conditions can be prevented and it is important to identify main risks factors to avoid poor outcomes. Some examples of preventive care could be regular checks- up, vaccinations, counseling on health topics as smoking cessation, cancer screening as mammogram and colonoscopy, and routine screening as cholesterol level and blood pressure. Nurse Practitioners are providers that have medical knowledge, can diagnose illness, prescribe medications and provides education in relation to lifestyle changes and disease management. For patients with chronic diseases, it is essential the continuous education in order to manage the disease.
One of the essential related with the role of Nurse Practitioners in communities is III: Quality improvement and safety. This essential reflects that quality care improvement involves every level of the healthcare organization. Master’s prepared nurses have to acquire skills and abilities to provide a better care and offer safety to the patients. They have to be prepared to apply quality principles within an organization. Knowledge, skills and the basic factor of safety are important as a part of nurse practitioner’s role. We need to know that Nurse Practitioners are leaders and they are considered a change agent.
Discussion#2
An NP is a registered nurse (RN) with additional training, usually at the master’s level (some NPs have certificates, but those programs are being phased out). The graduate training builds on nursing roles in patient advocacy and education, and incorporates physical assessment and diagnostic skills, along with management of acute, chronic and episodic diseases. This includes taking a patient history, performing a physical exam, ordering and interpreting laboratory tests, providing medication, referring to specialists and promoting healthy lifestyles.
The evolving role of nurse practitioners (NPs) as primary care providers, especially for vulnerable populations, is central to the debate regarding strategies to address the growing need for primary care services. Intersecting trends characterized by an aging population, persistent and widening health inequalities, an expansion of access to primary care under health-care reform, and impending shortages of primary care physicians have challenged the ability of the U.S. health-care system to meet the growing demand for primary care services, especially among vulnerable populations. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have a long and storied history of providing care for rural and vulnerable populations. The role of NPs in providing primary care, especially for vulnerable populations, is therefore central to deliberations regarding strategies to meet the growing demand for primary care under health-care reform. Legislative, workforce, and educational policies should be addressed in concert to ensure an adequate supply and equitable distribution of NPs in primary care delivery for underserved and vulnerable populations.
Vulnerable populations have been defined as groups deemed to be most susceptible to adverse outcomes due to limited resources or neglect, and include “people who were poor, uninsured, homeless, elderly and frail, and suffering from a range of chronic diseases, or special populations in need such as Native Americans and low-income veterans”.
As frontline health-care providers, NPs gain first-hand knowledge of the complexities of socioeconomic conditions associated with the health of vulnerable populations. Increased awareness of the social and economic determinants of health and health inequality affords NPs a unique opportunity to advocate for policy reform affecting vulnerable groups. It is important for NPs to recognize the value of social policies in reducing health disparities, emphasize it as a basis for practice, and advocate for it to improve public health. Health inequity is not only an issue of difference in health but also an issue related to social justice, as individuals have “the right to equal access to cost-effective medical care as well as to child care, education, housing, environmental protection, and other factors that are also crucial to health and wellbeing”.
In summary, regulatory, workforce, and educational policies need to go hand in hand to build a sufficient and equitably distributed NP workforce to serve rural and underserved populations. The confluence of increasing health inequalities, health-care reform designed to address these inequalities, health professional shortages, and the historic and evolving role of NPs in providing care for vulnerable populations has created an opportunity for the nursing profession to have an even greater impact on the health of the nation.
Discussion#3
A Nurse Practitioner (NP) is an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse who has additional responsibilities for administering patient care than RNs. The Family Nurse Practitioner training builds on nursing roles in patient advocacy and education, and incorporates physical assessment and diagnostic skills, along with management of acute, chronic and episodic diseases. This includes taking a patient history, performing a physical exam, ordering and interpreting laboratory tests, providing medication, referring to specialists and promoting healthy lifestyles (“Nurse Practitioners in Community Health Settings Today,” n.d.). We as future NPs can prescribe medication, examine patients, diagnose illnesses, and provide treatment, much like physicians do. In fact, nurse practitioners have what’s referred to as “full practice authority” in 20 states, meaning that we do not have to work under the supervision of a doctor. In the remaining states, however, while NPs still have more authority than RNs, they must have a medical doctor sign on certain patient care decisions (“Nurse Practitioner Career Guide,” n.d.). Nevertheless, nurse practitioners are increasingly becoming integral to medical teams as more and more hospitals and healthcare facilities are utilizing their expertise. Their significance and relevance is specially important in community health centers and the uninsured and low income populations. Our experience as working nurses gives us a unique approach to patient care, while our advanced studies qualify us to take on additional duties that are usually left to physicians. In fact, as reported by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), it’s estimated that NPs can provide 80-90 percent of the care that primary care physicians offer (“Nurse Practitioner Career Guide,” n.d.). This is specially relevant while taking care of the uninsured population and to provide effective care at low cost. The most effective role of the NP in the primary care setting is that of a provider who combines medical knowledge, diagnostic ability, and prescriptive authority with education regarding disease management and lifestyle modifications, and works in a team with others. Nurse Practitioners are in a favorable position to develop an ongoing relationship and to build on patient strengths, taking into account real life demands of the patient. While medical training focuses on diagnosis and treatment, NP training builds on nursing’s foundations in care and prevention. For patients with chronic diseases, on-going education and reinforcement in the management of the disease is important. By empowering patients to take care of themselves, make lifestyle changes, and prevent acute exacerbations of disease, NPs help in the prevention of expensive hospital visits which will be financially beneficial to the medical system and personally beneficial to the patient (“Nurse Practitioners in Community Health Settings Today,” n.d.). The need for primary care is expected to rise over the next five years because of the aging population and other factors, and NPs are poised to meet this increasing demand, especially in underserved areas. Without nurse practitioners, there could end up being a shortage of highly skilled medical professionals since there simply won’t be enough doctors to go around. As mentioned before , the focus on prevention and empowerment through teaching is a particular strength of NP training(“Nurse Practitioner Career Guide,” n.d.). The essential that most correlates to this topic is essential VIII. The Essential of Clinical Prevention and Population Health for improving health is a crucial function of the Family Nurse Practitioner role. It is estimated that almost half of the US deaths as a cause of preventable diseases can be diminished if there is Clinical prevention and teaching about the importance of living healthy lifestyles but unfortunately disease prevention strategies are not commonly used on today’s healthcare system. Nurse Practitioners training and expertise , equips the nurse with the knowledge and the clinical judgement needed to implement prevention strategies and to ensure health promotion while teaching patients how they can prevent the development of chronic diseases. The essential of clinical prevention and population health can tremendously impact the clinical practice and diminish the incidence and prevalence of chronic illnesses that develop as a result of unhealthy lifestyles and lack of education of health promotion (AACN, 2011, p.24). The preparation of the post-graduate education will provide the nurse with the abilities to synthesize epidemiological principles and health promotion strategies based on the latest evidence and current practice, and to apply this expertise in the designing and implementation of a plan focused on disease prevention and health promotion (AACN, 2011, p.24).
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