16 Jun EXERCISE 30 PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS—PART I
Question
EXERCISE 30 PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS—PART I
After drawing in the plate boundaries on the tectonic map below, answer the questions on the following page.
TECTONIC MAP OF HYPOTHETICAL OCEAN BASIN
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1. (a) How many different platesare clearly shown on the map? _ ______
(b) How many of the plates on the map consist entirely of ocean floor
(or ocean floor with islands)? _____
2. (a) With the number “2” indicate the most likely location on the map of a midocean ridge (such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge).
(b) What type of plate boundary is this? _ _____________________
(c) What evidence shown on the mapsuggests that this type of boundary is present?
3. (a) With the number “3” indicate the most likely location on the map of a major volcanic mountain range similar to the Andes in South America.
(b) What type of plate boundary is this?
.png”> (c) What evidence shown on the map suggests that this type of boundary is present?
4. (a) With the number “4” indicate the most likely location on the map of a volcanic island arc.
(b) What type of plate boundary is this? ________________________________________
(c) What evidence shown on the mapsuggests that this type of boundary is present?
5. With the number “5” label all plate boundaries where oceanic trenches should be found.
6. (a) Assume that only one of the volcanoes on the map is associated with a hot spot.
With the number “6” label this volcano.
(b) With a 2-centimeter (about one-inch) long arrow extending from this volcano, indicate the direction in which you would expect to find progressively older extinctvolcanoes left by the hot spot.
7. In the space below, draw an approximate continuous cross section (“side view”) of the ocean basin from Point “A” to Point “B” (from lower left to upper right). Use the “sideview” drawings on page 204 and Figure 30-2 for reference, and use arrows to indicate therelative direction of plate motion.
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Name _________________________________________ Section __________________
EXERCISE 30 PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS—PART II
Using the map of the Hawaiian Islands and the ages of the basaltic lava (Figure 30-4), compute the approximate rate of movement of the Pacific Plate as it passes over the Hawaiian hot spot.
You will compare the age and distance between several different volcanoes on the islands. The ages of volcanic rocks on the islands are given in millions of years. Assume that the decimal point of an age marks the location of a volcano. For example, on the island of Hawai‘i, “0.0” marks the location of the currently active volcano, Kīlauea.
In this exercise, you will compare Hawai‘i (0.0 years—currently active volcanoes), Moloka‘i (1.9 million years), O‘ahu (3.7 million years), and Kaua‘i (5.1 million years). For the purposes of this exercise, we will take the position of the Kīlauea volcano to represent the location of the Hawaiian hot spot (keep in mind that this is a simplistic assumption). We also assume that the Hawaiian hot spot is completely stationary over long periods of time.
1. Complete the chart on the following page:
(a) First, determine the distance between each pair of locations listed on the chart. With a ruler, carefully measure the distance between locations on the map to the nearest millimeter if you use S.I. units and to the nearest 1/16 inch if you use
English units. (If you use English units, convert fractions of inches to decimals to make other calculations easier.) This figure is the “Measured Distance on Map.” Then multiply this measured distance on the map by 4,200,000 (the denominator of the fractional map scale) to determine the “Actual Distance” in millimeters (orinches).
(b) Next, determine the “Age Difference” in years between each pair of locations.
(Be sure to include the correct number of zeros in your figure.)
(c) Finally, divide the “Actual Distance” between locations by the “Age Difference” to estimate the rate of plate movement in millimeters (or inches) per year.
Locations
Measured
Distance on
Map
(in mm or
inches)
Actual Distance (in mm or inches)
Age Difference
(in years)
Rate of Plate Movement
(mm or
inches per
year)
Kaua‘i to
Hawai‘i
O‘ahu to
Hawai‘i
Moloka‘i to Hawai‘i
Kaua‘i to
O‘ahu
Kaua‘i to
Moloka‘i
2. Based on the average of your five answers in problem 1 above, what has been the approx-imate rate of movement of the Pacific Plate in the area of the Hawaiian Islands over the last 5.1 million years?
3. Midway Island, to the northwest of Hawai‘i, is also part of the Hawaiian chain and is be-lieved to have been produced by the same hot spot. Midway is about 2430 kilometers (1510 miles) from the Kīlauea volcano on Hawai‘i. Use the average rate of plate move-
ment you calculated in problem 2 above to estimate the age of volcanic rocks you wouldexpect to find on Midway Island.
4. The actual age of the volcanic rock on Midway is about 27.7 million years. Suggest a rea-son why your answer for problem 3 above differs noticeably from this.
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