01 May Exercise 6onlap or transgression occurs as the water progres-sively dee
Exercise 6
onlap or transgression occurs as the water progres-sively deepens and sedimentation takes place more and more landward. At the highstand of flooding, there is practically no sedimentation accumulat-ing in the basin, forming a condensed interval of sediment. As sea level again falls, the sediment pro-grades toward the basin, forming a downlap surface in the accumulated sediments. A complex terminology, developed by Peter Vail and his associates, must be mastered by those employing sequence stratigraphic methods. For the sake of introducing the concept of sequence stratig-raphy, we will ignore the terminology and observe stratigraphic sequences to explore major sedimen-tary cycles. Sedimentary cycles range in duration from approximately 20,000 years to 150 million years and occur as superimposed orders of cyclicity (table 6.1). The mechanism for changing sea level within the interval 20,000 to 500,000 years is thought by some geologists to derive from the Earth’s orbital pertur-bations, the same forces often cited as the mecha-nisms that drove Pleistocene cyclic patterns. Vail and his associates have published what have become known as “Vail Curves,” which illus-trate changes in sea level through time. Figure 6.3 is an example of a Vail Curve for part of the Late Cenozoic (Upper Eocene through Holocene).
equence Terminology Approximate Duration
1st Order 2nd Order 3rd Order 4th Order 5th Order
h JOS e cz0 h Physical Correlation A 81
PROCEDURE
PART A
The Colorado Plateau of southwest Colorado, southeast Utah, northwest New Mexico, and south-east Arizona contains some of the most spectacular exposures of sedimentary strata in the world. Out-crops and landforms sculpted from Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata by the Colorado River system are on display at Grand Canyon, Zion, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, and Arches National Parks as well as at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and several state and local parks. Figure 6.4 shows a representative sample of these world famous Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations at four Utah localities shown on the index map.
0. 1Using the formation contacts and formation names provided, construct lines of lithostrati-graphic (formation) equivalence between the four sections. After correlating the four sections, complete the following questions.
3List the names (or rock types) and ages of rocks resting directly below the Chinle Formation in each of the stratigraphic sections.
Examples
….111111.111. …••¦•¦111,
—,TY_KII.V.,2,44.471.1227,1.1.29.11•1111110110elellir.0.1100t.,1″.
> 100 million yeas , 10-100 million years 1-10 million year 100,000-1 million years 10,000-100,000 years
Sequences of Sloss Supersequences basic
Parasequences
mp (m)
e
Rite (cm/1,0
TABLE 6.1
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