Fever is initiated when a substance in circulation

11 Jun Fever is initiated when a substance in circulation

Question
Fever is initiated when a substance in circulation, called a ____, acts on the hypothalamus causing it
to reset body temperature to a higher setting.

bacteriocin

plasmid

pyrogen

transferrin

Innate, physical barriers of host defenses:

include the skin.

include the mucous membranes.

all contain keratin which makes the barriers highly impervious.

are part of the second line of host defenses.

are all covered with mucus that adds another layer of protection.

Choose the statement that best describes the characteristics of lymph.

One of its main functions is oxygenation of the tissues.

It moves due to stimulation of the lymph vessels by nerve impulses.

It is formed by fluid that leaves circulation into the surrounding extracellular spaces.

It contains red and white blood cells.

____ cells, like macrophages, are products of the monocytic cell line that reside throughout the tissues and present antigen to lymphocytes.

Neutrophil

Dendritic

T

Platelet

Select all of the characteristics of T lymphocytes, which are involved in specific immunity.

Mature in the bone marrow

Mature in the thymus

Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue

Responsible for cell-mediated immunity

Form specialized plasma cells that produce antibodies

Match the statements to the terms they describe to test your understanding of the possible end results of antibody binding antigen.

1. neutralization

2. opsonization

3. antitoxin

4. agglutination

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oNO ANSWER

o1

o2

o3

o4

Coating of microbe with antibody to enhance phagocytosis

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oNO ANSWER

o1

o2

o3

o4

Antibodies fill the surface receptors on microbes to prevent its attachment to the host

·

oNO ANSWER

o1

o2

o3

o4

Antibody that neutralizes bacterial exotoxins

·

oNO ANSWER

o1

o2

o3

o4

Crosslinkage of cells or particles into large clumps

Select the statement that applies to activation of the classical complement pathway.

It is activated by antibody binding to microorganisms

It is activated by phagocyte recognition of PAMPs

It is activated by a mannose binding host serum protein

It is activated by complement components binding to cell wall components of microbes

Immediate vasoconstriction and release of chemical mediators

Vasodilation with increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and fluid leakage

Infiltration of site by neutrophils, resulting in pus formation

Repair of the tissues

Select the statements that accurately describe antigens:

They are perceived as foreign.

Only whole microbes can serve an antigens.

Proteins are immunogenic antigens.

Antigens provoke an immune response.

Choose the statement that describes MHC class I molecules.

Are proteins involved in the complement system

Expressed on all human nucleated cells

Found on only some types of white blood cells

Are secreted from all human nucleated cells

Select the statements that accurately reflect the classes of MHC molecules:

Five classes of MHC genes have been identified.

Class I genes are found on all nucleated cells.

Class II genes are important to the presentation of antigen to B cells.

Class III genes produces markers that are important in the complement system.

The MHC is also known as the MLA (monoclonal leukocyte antigen) system