26 Jun Figure 1 depicts samples from four cylindrical tendons and all are composed
Question
You may work on this homework on your own or discuss it with others. If you work through
questions with others, be sure to turn in your own work, at the level at which you understand
it. Do not simply copy answers from or for someone else. Questions such as these will show
up on exams, so be sure to work to understand how to arrive at the answers.
(1) (4 pts) Figure 1 depicts samples from four cylindrical tendons and all are composed primarily of
collagen. Each has been clamped at both ends and a machine is used to gradually pull the ends in
opposite directions (arrows) until the material yields (i.e., experiences internal damage).
a. Which tendon sample(s) will probably require the most tensile force to cause internal damage?
Why?
b. Which tendon sample(s) will probably require the highest stress to cause internal damage? Why?
c. Which tendon sample(s) will probably change length the most before experiencing internal
damage? Why?
d. Which tendon sample(s) will probably have the highest elastic extensibility? Why?
(2) (4 pts) Figure 2 shows the stress-strain curves under tension for four materials in their elastic
regions. Recall that materials have the following properties:
– A material’s elastic modulus (E, “intrinsic stiffness”) determines how much stress (tensile or
compressive) on a material is required to induce a given strain [units of pressure]
– A material’s compliance determines how much strain results from an applied stress (compliance
is the inverse of E) [units of 1/pressure]
– A material’s elastic strength is how much stress (tensile or compressive) is applied at the point
where the material yields (i.e., stops responding elastically to the applied stress) [units of pressure]
– A material’s elastic extensibility is how much strain results at the point where the material yields
(i.e., stops responding elastically to the applied tensile
stress) [units of length]
a) List the materials in the order of their elastic
modulus (stiffness), from highest to lowest.
b) List the materials in the order of their compliance,
from highest to lowest.
c) List the materials in the order of their elastic
strength, from highest to lowest.
d) List the materials in the order of their elastic extensibility, from highest to lowest.
(3) (4 pts) The picture below on the left shows an orb web. The red lines are called frame lines and
the blue lines are spiral threads. The frame lines hold the spiral threads in their proper place and
provide a structural framework. The spiral threads intercept flying insects; they slow the insect
down by absorbing its energy–stretching and not breaking.
Which material in the stress-strain plot below (Fig. 3) would be best for a spiral thread? Why?
Which would be best for a frame thread? Why?
Fig. 3
(4) (3 pts) Larger individual humans tend, not surprisingly, to have larger feet. But how exactly
would you expect the surface area of the bottom of an individual’s foot, which must support the
downward force (weight) of the standing person, to scale against body size? Two possibilities are
that scaling would simply be isometric or that scaling is allometric such that stress similarity is
maintained among feet of individuals of different sizes.
a) Assuming full-body isometric scaling among individuals of different sizes, what would you
predict would be the value of the scaling coefficient (b) relating the surface area of the
bottom of the foot to body height?
b) Alternatively, assuming that scaling of feet is allometric such that stress similarity is
maintained among feet of individuals of different sizes (i.e., the stress on the bottom of the
foot is constant among individuals of different height), what would you predict would be the
value of the scaling coefficient (b) relating the surface area of the bottom of the foot to body
height? Assume that the rest of the body scales isometrically.
c) Use real data to see whether the actual relationship between human foot area and human
height appears to be consistent with (a) or (b), above. To do this, go to the google doc
spreadsheet at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19nlj0Ja0_CajV-8JA4qWRp4dZdBTM4eqKNirmkHrHk/edit?usp=sharing. This document is pre-populated with some real data I
collected, but to continually improve our data set, please add data from yourself (no need to
add your name, just your data!). Simply enter your sex, height, and the length, maximum
width, and area of the bottom of your right foot (approximated as length X maximum
width). All measurements should be made to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.
You can then use Excel to fit a power function (scaling equation, Y=axb) to these data.
Exactly how to do this will depend on your version of Excel. But the procedure will be
something like this:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the two columns of numbers you wish to plot (Height and Foot Area).
Click on the Charts tab & select Scatter plot
Select the resulting plot and click on the Chart Layout tab & Trendline subtab.
Under Trendline Options, select Power & under Options (just to the left) click on
“Display equation on chart” and click OK.
The equation of the power function fitted to your data should be displayed on your graph
and you can now see whether the observed scaling coefficient appears to support the
scaling relationship of (a) or (b) above.
Give the scaling equation you get from Excel and explain your conclusion based on the
scaling coefficient.
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Writedemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.