25 Aug Following the 9/11 atta
Fusion Centers
Following the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent reform of the intelligence community and law enforcement agencies, the Department of Homeland Security created fusion centers throughout the country in order to facilitate information sharing for tribal, local, state, and federal government agencies (Khan, 2012). According to Khan (2012), the centers “have ‘not produced useful intelligence to support federal counterterrorism efforts’ and have ‘too often wasted money and stepped on American civil liberties’” (Khan, 2012). However, these figures and statements should be corroborated with the multiple intelligence overseeing committees within the Senate and Congress to inform the public of the real information at hand. Yet, Senator Levin states that these centers “’may provide valuable services in fields other than terrorism’ like criminal investigations, public safety or disaster response” (Khan, 2012). Overall, these centers have access to classified information and when other analysts upload their products and reports in SIPR and JWICS systems, then it enables others to search through these products through Intelink.com on the classified systems.
Intelligence Reform
The National Security Act of 1947 established different agencies and positions regarding the military and intelligence community. Throughout the years, different policies and laws have been enacted to ensure that intelligence agencies follow established procedures and all laws so they do not run into issues or violate these laws. Following the 9/11 attacks, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was signed and “is the most recent legislative action to reform the community’s performance and management. While the IRTPA has contributed to intelligence improvements, such as increased sharing of data on terrorism, most in and around the intelligence community would assert that managing the intelligence enterprise is still a work in progress” (Strickland & Whitlock, 2012). National intelligence managers were created in order to facilitate integration of “intelligence strategies that support national security outcomes” (Strickland & Whitlock, 2012). Another significant change is that the person holding the position of the Director of National Intelligence keep an important relationship with the President due to the President being a consumer of intelligence (Strickland & Whitlock, 2012).
Three Philosophical Lessons
There are 3 philosophical lessons concerning intelligence that include Simpson’s Paradox, Skyrms’ Resiliency Theory, and Casual Inference. Simpson’s Paradox “has immediate consequences for the development of optimal strategies for the sharing of data, and for the targeted deployment of intelligence-gathering resources” (Mole, 2012). Overall, it is best to share the data different entities have to be able to better plan and coordinate efforts to where it is most likely to get the best out of. Skyrms’ Resiliency Theory deals with understanding the differences between resiliency and reliability. It is easy to confuse both and it makes it harder for an analyst to better rate a source’s reliability due to noisy information. Casual Inference is (in a way) applying mathematics to better gain an understanding of is most likely occurring and be able to validate which theory, solution, etc. would work best.
-Ulysses
Khan, A. (2012). Senate report: Massive post-9/11 surveillance apparatus a “waste”. Retrieved from https://apus.intelluslearning.com/lti/#/document/103369876/1/3236fcb54b9ffc749fcb9143c48b3415/e56e9cdcf8f622613dbd2c5f6a38510d/browse_published_content/3906/2875/31269/5/lesson/lesson?hideClose=false&tagId=26789&external_course_id=410421&external_course_name=INTL431%20B001%20Sum%2019
Strickland, F. & Whitlock, C. (2012). The next four years: Intelligence Community reform refining, not rebooting. Forum Governing in the Next Four Years. Winter 2012. PDF.
Mole, C. (2012). Three Philosophical Lessons for the Analysis of Criminal and Military Intelligence. Intelligence & National Security, 27(4), 441–458. https://doi-org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1080/02684527.2012.688298
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Writedemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.